X-Ray and Particle Detection With the Si(Li) Tracker Module of the GAPS Experiment

Massimo Manghisoni; Luca Ghislotti; Paolo Lazzaroni; Valerio Re; Elisa Riceputi; Lodovico Ratti; Lorenzo Fabris; Mirko Boezio; Gianluigi Zampa; Mengjiao Xiao

doi:10.1109/TNS.2025.3616408

X-Ray and Particle Detection With the Si(Li) Tracker Module of the GAPS Experiment

Massimo Manghisoni
, Luca Ghislotti
, Paolo Lazzaroni
, Valerio Re
, Elisa Riceputi
, Lodovico Ratti
, Lorenzo Fabris
, Mirko Boezio
, Gianluigi Zampa
, Mengjiao Xiao

Radiation Imaging and Advanced Diagnosti

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

This work describes the architecture and the experimental results from the characterization of the lithium-drifted silicon (Si(Li)) detector module, which constitutes the building block of the tracker in the general antiparticle spectrometer (GAPS) experiment to search for dark matter. The instrument is designed for the identification of low-energy cosmic anti-nuclei (antiprotons, antideuterons, and antihelium) to be performed during an Antarctic long-duration balloon flight scheduled for late 2025. The GAPS Si(Li) tracker, that is the core of the instrument, is the assembly of 252 modules, each comprised of four Si(Li) detectors and a full custom-integrated circuit designed for detector readout and produced in a commercial 180-nm planar CMOS technology. A general overview of the detector module architecture and its components is provided, together with a description of the test setup and the experimental results obtained from the characterization of the low-noise analog readout channel. In order to verify the effective operation of the entire module, results concerning the detection of X-rays from a ²⁴¹Am source and cosmic muons are also provided.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	3578-3586
Number of pages	9
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
Volume	72
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2025.3616408
State	Published - 2025

Funding

Rdve 27 August 2025; accepted 27 September 2025. Date of publication 1 October 2025; date of current ersionv 17 Nrvo 2025. This orkw asw supported in part by the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) and in part by Italian Space Agency (ASI) through ASI-INFN “Partecipazione italiana al GAPS-General AntiParticle Spectrometer” under Agreement 2018-28-HH.0. (Corresponding author: Massimo Manghisoni.) Massimo Manghisoni, Luca Ghislotti, Vo Re, and Elisa Riceputi are with the Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Scienze Applicate, Utvn Beramo,g 24044 Beramo,g I,t and also with INFN, Sezione di P,a 27100 P,a Italy (e-mail: [email protected]). Paolo Lazzaroni is with INFN, Sezione di P,a 27100 P,a I.t Lodovico Ratti is with the Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione, Utvn Sezione di P,a 27100 P,a I.t Lorenzo Fabris is with Oak Ridge National L,a Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Mirko Boezio is with INFN, Sezione di T, 34149 T, I,t and also with IFPU, 34151 T, I.t Gianluigi Zampa is with INFN, Sezione di T, 34149 T, I.t Mengjiao Xiao is with the School of Physics and A,s the Kye Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), and Shanghai Kye Laboratory for Particle Physics and C,o Shanghai Jiao Tg U,evn Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China. Color ersionsv of one or more figures in this article are ailableva at //doi.org /10.1109/TNS.2025.3616408. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109 /TNS.2025.3616408 0018-9499 © 2025 IEEE. All rights ed,reserv including rights for xtte and data mining, and training of artificial intelligence and similar technologies. Personal use is permitted, utb republication

Keywords

CMOS
dynamic signal compression
front-end
low-noise

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abstract = "This work describes the architecture and the experimental results from the characterization of the lithium-drifted silicon (Si(Li)) detector module, which constitutes the building block of the tracker in the general antiparticle spectrometer (GAPS) experiment to search for dark matter. The instrument is designed for the identification of low-energy cosmic anti-nuclei (antiprotons, antideuterons, and antihelium) to be performed during an Antarctic long-duration balloon flight scheduled for late 2025. The GAPS Si(Li) tracker, that is the core of the instrument, is the assembly of 252 modules, each comprised of four Si(Li) detectors and a full custom-integrated circuit designed for detector readout and produced in a commercial 180-nm planar CMOS technology. A general overview of the detector module architecture and its components is provided, together with a description of the test setup and the experimental results obtained from the characterization of the low-noise analog readout channel. In order to verify the effective operation of the entire module, results concerning the detection of X-rays from a 241Am source and cosmic muons are also provided.",

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AU - Riceputi, Elisa

AU - Ratti, Lodovico

AU - Fabris, Lorenzo

AU - Boezio, Mirko

AU - Zampa, Gianluigi

AU - Xiao, Mengjiao

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X-Ray and Particle Detection With the Si(Li) Tracker Module of the GAPS Experiment

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