Work function tuning of tin-doped indium oxide electrodes with solution-processed lithium fluoride

C. W. Ow-Yang; J. Jia; T. Aytun; M. Zamboni; A. Turak; K. Saritas; Y. Shigesato

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2013.11.035

Work function tuning of tin-doped indium oxide electrodes with solution-processed lithium fluoride

C. W. Ow-Yang, J. Jia, T. Aytun, M. Zamboni, A. Turak, K. Saritas, Y. Shigesato

Materials Theory

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

23 Scopus citations

Abstract

Solution-processed lithium fluoride (sol-LiF) nanoparticles synthesized in polymeric micelle nanoreactors enabled tuning of the surface work function of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) films. The micelle reactors provided the means for controlling surface coverage by progressively building up the interlayer through alternating deposition and plasma etch removal of the polymer. In order to determine the surface coverage and average interparticle distance, spatial point pattern analysis was applied to scanning electron microscope images of the nanoparticle dispersions. The work function of the sol-LiF modified ITO, obtained from photoelectron emission yield spectroscopy analysis, was shown to increase with surface coverage of the sol-LiF particles, suggesting a lateral depolarization effect. Analysis of the photoelectron emission energy distribution in the near threshold region revealed the contribution of surface states for surface coverage in excess of 14.1%. Optimization of the interfacial barrier was achieved through contributions from both work function modification and surface states.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	58-63
Number of pages	6
Journal	Thin Solid Films
Volume	559
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2013.11.035
State	Published - May 30 2014

Funding

We would like to thank a number of people who have contributed to our progress in understanding and supported the experimental activities, in particular: John Preston (McMaster University), Deniz Cem Onduygu (Fevkalade). Partial funding is acknowledged from the Turkish Ministry of Science and Engineering Research (TÜBİTAK) project #110T023 and the Canadian National Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery Grant ( RGPIN/436100-2013 ) and NSERC CREATE in Photovoltaics ( 384899-2010 CREAT ).

Keywords

Depolarization
ITO
Lithium fluoride
PEYS
Photoelectron emission yield spectroscopy
Work function tuning

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10.1016/j.tsf.2013.11.035

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title = "Work function tuning of tin-doped indium oxide electrodes with solution-processed lithium fluoride",

abstract = "Solution-processed lithium fluoride (sol-LiF) nanoparticles synthesized in polymeric micelle nanoreactors enabled tuning of the surface work function of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) films. The micelle reactors provided the means for controlling surface coverage by progressively building up the interlayer through alternating deposition and plasma etch removal of the polymer. In order to determine the surface coverage and average interparticle distance, spatial point pattern analysis was applied to scanning electron microscope images of the nanoparticle dispersions. The work function of the sol-LiF modified ITO, obtained from photoelectron emission yield spectroscopy analysis, was shown to increase with surface coverage of the sol-LiF particles, suggesting a lateral depolarization effect. Analysis of the photoelectron emission energy distribution in the near threshold region revealed the contribution of surface states for surface coverage in excess of 14.1\%. Optimization of the interfacial barrier was achieved through contributions from both work function modification and surface states.",

keywords = "Depolarization, ITO, Lithium fluoride, PEYS, Photoelectron emission yield spectroscopy, Work function tuning",

author = "Ow-Yang, \{C. W.\} and J. Jia and T. Aytun and M. Zamboni and A. Turak and K. Saritas and Y. Shigesato",

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T1 - Work function tuning of tin-doped indium oxide electrodes with solution-processed lithium fluoride

AU - Ow-Yang, C. W.

AU - Jia, J.

AU - Aytun, T.

AU - Zamboni, M.

AU - Turak, A.

AU - Saritas, K.

AU - Shigesato, Y.

PY - 2014/5/30

Y1 - 2014/5/30

N2 - Solution-processed lithium fluoride (sol-LiF) nanoparticles synthesized in polymeric micelle nanoreactors enabled tuning of the surface work function of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) films. The micelle reactors provided the means for controlling surface coverage by progressively building up the interlayer through alternating deposition and plasma etch removal of the polymer. In order to determine the surface coverage and average interparticle distance, spatial point pattern analysis was applied to scanning electron microscope images of the nanoparticle dispersions. The work function of the sol-LiF modified ITO, obtained from photoelectron emission yield spectroscopy analysis, was shown to increase with surface coverage of the sol-LiF particles, suggesting a lateral depolarization effect. Analysis of the photoelectron emission energy distribution in the near threshold region revealed the contribution of surface states for surface coverage in excess of 14.1%. Optimization of the interfacial barrier was achieved through contributions from both work function modification and surface states.

AB - Solution-processed lithium fluoride (sol-LiF) nanoparticles synthesized in polymeric micelle nanoreactors enabled tuning of the surface work function of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) films. The micelle reactors provided the means for controlling surface coverage by progressively building up the interlayer through alternating deposition and plasma etch removal of the polymer. In order to determine the surface coverage and average interparticle distance, spatial point pattern analysis was applied to scanning electron microscope images of the nanoparticle dispersions. The work function of the sol-LiF modified ITO, obtained from photoelectron emission yield spectroscopy analysis, was shown to increase with surface coverage of the sol-LiF particles, suggesting a lateral depolarization effect. Analysis of the photoelectron emission energy distribution in the near threshold region revealed the contribution of surface states for surface coverage in excess of 14.1%. Optimization of the interfacial barrier was achieved through contributions from both work function modification and surface states.

KW - Depolarization

KW - ITO

KW - Lithium fluoride

KW - PEYS

KW - Photoelectron emission yield spectroscopy

KW - Work function tuning

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84899507406

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DO - 10.1016/j.tsf.2013.11.035

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84899507406

SN - 0040-6090

VL - 559

SP - 58

EP - 63

JO - Thin Solid Films

JF - Thin Solid Films

ER -

Work function tuning of tin-doped indium oxide electrodes with solution-processed lithium fluoride

Abstract

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Keywords

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