Abstract
In this study, a sharp transition from 316L stainless steel to 4043 aluminum alloy was fabricated using wire directed energy deposition (DED) via the cold metal transfer (CMT) process. The CMT process with its inherently low heat input, led to a significant reduction in intermetallic thickness at the bi-metallic interface compared to blown powder DED technique reported in the literature resulting in superior properties when compared to those of dissimilar steel-aluminum welds. Thermo-kinetic modeling confirmed that the intermetallic formation is through a classical nucleation and growth mechanism, and the fraction and thickness can be controlled by adjusting CMT process parameters to kinetically arrest or minimize the intermetallic formation. These findings underscore the efficacy of CMT-based wire DED for fabrication of steel-aluminum bi-metallic structures.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 4537-4546 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| Journal | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| Volume | 29 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Mar 1 2024 |
Funding
Notice of Copyright: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-acess-plan).This research is sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy. Research was performed at the U.S. Department of Energy's Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The authors acknowledge Dustin Heidel and Ian Stinson for arc melting and machining, Sarah Graham for metallographic sample preparation, and Andres Marquez Rossy for help with EBSD data acquisition. This research is sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory . Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT- Battelle , LLC, for the US Department of Energy . Research was performed at the U.S. Department of Energy's Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The authors acknowledge Dustin Heidel and Ian Stinson for arc melting and machining, Sarah Graham for metallographic sample preparation, and Andres Marquez Rossy for help with EBSD data acquisition.
Keywords
- Additive manufacturing
- Aluminum
- Bi-material
- Cold metal transfer
- Steel
