Abstract
Sodium ion batteries offer a low-cost, sustainable, and environment-friendly solution to large-scale electrochemical energy storage systems. Layered oxides represent a family of promising cathode materials with a potential to improve the energy and power densities while reducing the material cost of sodium ion batteries. However, due to the chemical and structural instability of layered oxides in an aqueous solution, the current battery electrode manufacturing requires expensive and hazardous organic solvents, which impedes the full benefit of the low-cost, sustainable, and eco-friendly advantages. We need an effective technology that empowers a cathode with water processable properties. In this study, we set a representative example, P2-Na0.67Ni0.22Cu0.11Mn0.56Ti0.11O2, to explore its performance under water-processing conditions. This material achieves a discharge capacity of 180 mAh/g and a discharge energy of 544 Wh/kg at 22°C. The aging experiments indicate its superior stability against water, having negligible bulk structural or chemical changes. The surface sensitive soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy shows that the P2-Na0.67Ni0.22Cu0.11Mn0.56Ti0.11O2 has stable surface chemistry in the aqueous solution. Moreover, the cells with water-processed cathodes delivered stable cycling performance with minor voltage decay, originating from the decreased cell impedance. Therefore, the present study sets a refined example to establish a low-cost, sustainable, and eco-friendly solution by developing water-processable electrode materials for sodium ion batteries.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | A251-A257 |
| Journal | Journal of the Electrochemical Society |
| Volume | 166 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 2019 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Funding
The work was supported by the Department of Chemistry Startup Funds and ICTAS Junior Faculty Award at Virginia Tech. The Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light Source, a Directorate of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and an Office of Science User Facility is operated for the US Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University. Use of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science (SC), Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) under Contract No.DE-AC02-76SF00515. Z. Y. and Y. D. acknowledge the support by the U.S. DOE SC Early Career Research Program. A portion of the work was performed using EMSL, a DOE SC User Facility sponsored by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The authors declare no competing financial interest. The work was supported by the Department of Chemistry Startup Funds and ICTAS Junior FacultyAward atVirginia Tech. The Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light Source, a Directorate of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and an Office of Science User Facility is operated for the US Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University. Use of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science (SC), Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) under Contract No.DE-AC02-76SF00515. Z. Y. and Y. D. acknowledge the support by the U.S. DOE SC Early Career Research Program. A portion of the work was performed using EMSL, a DOE SC User Facility sponsored by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The authors declare no competing financial interest.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Office of Basic Energy Sciences | |
| Office of Biological and Environmental Research | |
| U.S. DOE | |
| US Department of Energy | |
| US Department of Energy Office of Science | |
| Stanford University | |
| Office of Science | |
| Basic Energy Sciences | |
| SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory | |
| Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science |
