Water-In-Glass: A Self-Supporting Inorganic Aqueous Electrolyte

Sinorul Haque; Indrajeet Mandal; K. Jayanthi; Prabir Pal; Prince Sen; Bijay Laxmi Pradhan; Krishna K. Dey; Manasi Ghosh; Nitya Nand Gosvami; N. M.Anoop Krishnan; Mir Wasim Raja; Amarnath R. Allu

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.5c04789

Water-In-Glass: A Self-Supporting Inorganic Aqueous Electrolyte

Sinorul Haque
, Indrajeet Mandal
, K. Jayanthi
, Prabir Pal
, Prince Sen
, Bijay Laxmi Pradhan
, Krishna K. Dey
, Manasi Ghosh
, Nitya Nand Gosvami
, N. M.Anoop Krishnan
, Mir Wasim Raja
, Amarnath R. Allu

Energy Storage and Conversion Manufactur

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Aqueous rechargeable sodium-ion batteries (ARNIBs) are emerging as cost-effective and safe candidates for large-scale energy storage applications. However, their advancement has been constrained by the narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW) of conventional aqueous electrolytes (1.23 V). Here, we present a transformative approach using an inexpensive and rapidly dissolvable inorganic glass material, water glass (W-glass), to significantly enhance the ESW and enable the development of solid-state, self-supporting aqueous film (SSA film) electrolytes. These SSA film electrolytes exhibit an extended ESW of up to 3.5 V and a conductivity of ∼10^–4S/cm at room temperature. Structural analysis using magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and solution-state NMR reveals that the dissolution of W-glass in water is driven by the interdependent hydrolysis of P–O–P linkages and Na⁺–H⁺ion exchange. This work offers a cost-effective and scalable solution for advancing high-performance ARNIB technology, addressing critical barriers to commercial adoption.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	9240-9248
Number of pages	9
Journal	Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Volume	129
Issue number	36
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.5c04789
State	Published - Sep 11 2025

Funding

This work was developed under the framework of the project funded by the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB)/Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF), DST, Govt. of India, through the Core Research Grant CRG/2022/000930. S.H. and A.R.A. acknowledges the financial support by the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), DST, Government of India, India (CRG/2022/000930). A.R.A. thanks Prof. Aswini Ghosh for the valuable discussion and suggestions. S.H. and A.R.A. acknowledge the support from Dr. Tamilarasan Palanisamy, Principal Scientist, CSIR-CECRI for Raman measurements.

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title = "Water-In-Glass: A Self-Supporting Inorganic Aqueous Electrolyte",

abstract = "Aqueous rechargeable sodium-ion batteries (ARNIBs) are emerging as cost-effective and safe candidates for large-scale energy storage applications. However, their advancement has been constrained by the narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW) of conventional aqueous electrolytes (1.23 V). Here, we present a transformative approach using an inexpensive and rapidly dissolvable inorganic glass material, water glass (W-glass), to significantly enhance the ESW and enable the development of solid-state, self-supporting aqueous film (SSA film) electrolytes. These SSA film electrolytes exhibit an extended ESW of up to 3.5 V and a conductivity of ∼10–4S/cm at room temperature. Structural analysis using magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and solution-state NMR reveals that the dissolution of W-glass in water is driven by the interdependent hydrolysis of P–O–P linkages and Na+–H+ion exchange. This work offers a cost-effective and scalable solution for advancing high-performance ARNIB technology, addressing critical barriers to commercial adoption.",

author = "Sinorul Haque and Indrajeet Mandal and K. Jayanthi and Prabir Pal and Prince Sen and Pradhan, \{Bijay Laxmi\} and Dey, \{Krishna K.\} and Manasi Ghosh and Gosvami, \{Nitya Nand\} and Krishnan, \{N. M.Anoop\} and \{Wasim Raja\}, Mir and Allu, \{Amarnath R.\}",

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doi = "10.1021/acs.jpcb.5c04789",

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T1 - Water-In-Glass

T2 - A Self-Supporting Inorganic Aqueous Electrolyte

AU - Haque, Sinorul

AU - Mandal, Indrajeet

AU - Jayanthi, K.

AU - Pal, Prabir

AU - Sen, Prince

AU - Pradhan, Bijay Laxmi

AU - Dey, Krishna K.

AU - Ghosh, Manasi

AU - Gosvami, Nitya Nand

AU - Krishnan, N. M.Anoop

AU - Wasim Raja, Mir

AU - Allu, Amarnath R.

PY - 2025/9/11

Y1 - 2025/9/11

N2 - Aqueous rechargeable sodium-ion batteries (ARNIBs) are emerging as cost-effective and safe candidates for large-scale energy storage applications. However, their advancement has been constrained by the narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW) of conventional aqueous electrolytes (1.23 V). Here, we present a transformative approach using an inexpensive and rapidly dissolvable inorganic glass material, water glass (W-glass), to significantly enhance the ESW and enable the development of solid-state, self-supporting aqueous film (SSA film) electrolytes. These SSA film electrolytes exhibit an extended ESW of up to 3.5 V and a conductivity of ∼10–4S/cm at room temperature. Structural analysis using magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and solution-state NMR reveals that the dissolution of W-glass in water is driven by the interdependent hydrolysis of P–O–P linkages and Na+–H+ion exchange. This work offers a cost-effective and scalable solution for advancing high-performance ARNIB technology, addressing critical barriers to commercial adoption.

AB - Aqueous rechargeable sodium-ion batteries (ARNIBs) are emerging as cost-effective and safe candidates for large-scale energy storage applications. However, their advancement has been constrained by the narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW) of conventional aqueous electrolytes (1.23 V). Here, we present a transformative approach using an inexpensive and rapidly dissolvable inorganic glass material, water glass (W-glass), to significantly enhance the ESW and enable the development of solid-state, self-supporting aqueous film (SSA film) electrolytes. These SSA film electrolytes exhibit an extended ESW of up to 3.5 V and a conductivity of ∼10–4S/cm at room temperature. Structural analysis using magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and solution-state NMR reveals that the dissolution of W-glass in water is driven by the interdependent hydrolysis of P–O–P linkages and Na+–H+ion exchange. This work offers a cost-effective and scalable solution for advancing high-performance ARNIB technology, addressing critical barriers to commercial adoption.

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JO - Journal of Physical Chemistry B

JF - Journal of Physical Chemistry B

IS - 36

ER -

Water-In-Glass: A Self-Supporting Inorganic Aqueous Electrolyte

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