Using Ionic Liquid Additive to Enhance Lubricating Performance for Low-Viscosity Engine Oil

Chanaka Kumara; Lake Speed; Michael B. Viola; Huimin Luo; Jun Qu

doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c00745

Using Ionic Liquid Additive to Enhance Lubricating Performance for Low-Viscosity Engine Oil

Chanaka Kumara, Lake Speed, Michael B. Viola, Huimin Luo, Jun Qu

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

20 Scopus citations

Abstract

Energy efficient lubricants are essential for sustainable transportation, and the trend is to develop and implement lower viscosity lubricants with more effective additives. Ionic liquids (ILs) have been reported as candidate additives with superior friction and wear reducing capabilities. Unlike most literature relying on bench-scale testing of simple oil-IL blends, this study produced low-viscosity (SAE 0W-12) fully formulated engine oils using a phosphonium-organophosphate IL as an antiwear additive and evaluated them in both bench-scale tribological testing and full-scale fired engine dynamometer testing. The experimental formulation containing a combination of ZDDP and IL outperformed the formulations using either ZDDP or IL alone, as well as a commercial SAE 0W-20 engine oil in terms of mitigating boundary friction, wear, and contact fatigue-induced micropitting. Racing engine dynamometer tests demonstrated 3-4 °C lower oil temperature, 4-5 ft-lbs higher horsepower output, and up to 9.9% better fuel economy for the IL-containing SAE 0W-12 experimental oil compared with selected commercial SAE 5W-30 and 0W-20 engine oils.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	7198-7205
Number of pages	8
Journal	ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering
Volume	9
Issue number	21
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c00745
State	Published - May 31 2021

Funding

Authors thank D. Coffey from ORNL for STEM sample preparation. Research was jointly sponsored by the Vehicle Technologies Office, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC), U.S. Army, U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). Electron microscopy characterization was in part performed at ORNL’s Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of DOE-BES. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan ( http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan ).

Funders	Funder number
Office of DOE-BES
Scientific User Facilities Division
U.S. Department of Defense
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
U.S. Army
Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center

Keywords

Engine test
Fully formulated oil
Ionic liquid
Low viscosity engine oil
Micropitting

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c00745

Cite this

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abstract = "Energy efficient lubricants are essential for sustainable transportation, and the trend is to develop and implement lower viscosity lubricants with more effective additives. Ionic liquids (ILs) have been reported as candidate additives with superior friction and wear reducing capabilities. Unlike most literature relying on bench-scale testing of simple oil-IL blends, this study produced low-viscosity (SAE 0W-12) fully formulated engine oils using a phosphonium-organophosphate IL as an antiwear additive and evaluated them in both bench-scale tribological testing and full-scale fired engine dynamometer testing. The experimental formulation containing a combination of ZDDP and IL outperformed the formulations using either ZDDP or IL alone, as well as a commercial SAE 0W-20 engine oil in terms of mitigating boundary friction, wear, and contact fatigue-induced micropitting. Racing engine dynamometer tests demonstrated 3-4 °C lower oil temperature, 4-5 ft-lbs higher horsepower output, and up to 9.9% better fuel economy for the IL-containing SAE 0W-12 experimental oil compared with selected commercial SAE 5W-30 and 0W-20 engine oils.",

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author = "Chanaka Kumara and Lake Speed and Viola, {Michael B.} and Huimin Luo and Jun Qu",

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AB - Energy efficient lubricants are essential for sustainable transportation, and the trend is to develop and implement lower viscosity lubricants with more effective additives. Ionic liquids (ILs) have been reported as candidate additives with superior friction and wear reducing capabilities. Unlike most literature relying on bench-scale testing of simple oil-IL blends, this study produced low-viscosity (SAE 0W-12) fully formulated engine oils using a phosphonium-organophosphate IL as an antiwear additive and evaluated them in both bench-scale tribological testing and full-scale fired engine dynamometer testing. The experimental formulation containing a combination of ZDDP and IL outperformed the formulations using either ZDDP or IL alone, as well as a commercial SAE 0W-20 engine oil in terms of mitigating boundary friction, wear, and contact fatigue-induced micropitting. Racing engine dynamometer tests demonstrated 3-4 °C lower oil temperature, 4-5 ft-lbs higher horsepower output, and up to 9.9% better fuel economy for the IL-containing SAE 0W-12 experimental oil compared with selected commercial SAE 5W-30 and 0W-20 engine oils.

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Using Ionic Liquid Additive to Enhance Lubricating Performance for Low-Viscosity Engine Oil

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

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