Using in situ UO₂ bicrystal sintering to understand grain boundary dislocation nucleation kinetics and creep

Capillary evolution at bicrystal UO₂ grain boundaries is characterized using in situ transmission electron microscopy. The discontinuous nature of the densification process, both particle rotation and axial strain, along with the large activation stress for densification support a hypothesis that grain boundary strain in UO₂ follows nucleation rate limited kinetics at low to intermediate stresses, that is, less than (Formula presented.). The temperature dependence of the average activation stress for sintering agrees well with analysis of bulk sintering data and creep data reported within the literature when analyzed in the context of a grain boundary dislocation nucleation rate limited kinetic model.