Abstract
Self-assembly of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) into 1D chains is appealing, because of their biocompatibility and higher mobility compared to 2D/3D assemblies while traversing the circulatory passages and blood vessels for in vivo biomedical applications. In this work, parameters such as size, concentration, composition, and magnetic field, responsible for chain formation of IONPs in a dispersion as opposed to spatially confining substrates, are examined. In particular, the monodisperse 27 nm IONPs synthesized by an extended LaMer mechanism are shown to form chains at 4 mT, which are lengthened with applied field reaching 270 nm at 2.2 T. The chain lengths are completely reversible in field. Using a combination of scattering methods and reverse Monte Carlo simulations the formation of chains is directly visualized. The visualization of real-space IONPs assemblies formed in dispersions presents a novel tool for biomedical researchers. This allows for rapid exploration of the behavior of IONPs in solution in a broad parameter space and unambiguous extraction of the parameters of the equilibrium structures. Additionally, it can be extended to study novel assemblies formed by more complex geometries of IONPs.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 2008683 |
| Journal | Advanced Materials |
| Volume | 33 |
| Issue number | 24 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jun 17 2021 |
Funding
The authors thank Dr. Jochen Friedrich for help with SEM studies and Sebastin Sievers for help with magnetization and SAXS measurements. The authors are grateful to Dr. Oleg Petracic for many fruitful discussions. The authors thank Dr. Sara Skoglund for helping with X-ray measurements. DESY (Hamburg, Germany), a member of the Helmholtz Association HGF, is acknowledged for the provision of experimental facilities. Parts of this research were carried out at PETRA III at P02.1 beamline. The authors acknowledge the Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland for provision of synchrotron radiation beamtime at beamline MS-X04SA of the SLS. This work is based upon experiments performed at the KWS-1 instrument operated by JCNS at the Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Garching, Germany. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science. Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action equal opportunity employer, is managed by Triad National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA, under contract 89233218CNA000001. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the U.S. DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA-0003525. The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. DOE or the United States Government. Open access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. The authors thank Dr. Jochen Friedrich for help with SEM studies and Sebastin Sievers for help with magnetization and SAXS measurements. The authors are grateful to Dr. Oleg Petracic for many fruitful discussions. The authors thank Dr. Sara Skoglund for helping with X‐ray measurements. DESY (Hamburg, Germany), a member of the Helmholtz Association HGF, is acknowledged for the provision of experimental facilities. Parts of this research were carried out at PETRA III at P02.1 beamline. The authors acknowledge the Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland for provision of synchrotron radiation beamtime at beamline MS‐X04SA of the SLS. This work is based upon experiments performed at the KWS‐1 instrument operated by JCNS at the Heinz Maier‐Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Garching, Germany. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science. Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action equal opportunity employer, is managed by Triad National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA, under contract 89233218CNA000001. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the U.S. DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE‐NA‐0003525. The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. DOE or the United States Government.
Keywords
- in vivo applications
- magnetic nanoparticles
- nanochains
- neutron scattering
- reverse Monte Carlo simulations