Unprecedented Capacity and Stability of Ammonium Ferrocyanide Catholyte in pH Neutral Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

Jian Luo; Bo Hu; Camden Debruler; Yujing Bi; Yu Zhao; Bing Yuan; Maowei Hu; Wenda Wu; T. Leo Liu

doi:10.1016/j.joule.2018.10.010

Unprecedented Capacity and Stability of Ammonium Ferrocyanide Catholyte in pH Neutral Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

Jian Luo
, Bo Hu
, Camden Debruler
, Yujing Bi
, Yu Zhao
, Bing Yuan
, Maowei Hu
, Wenda Wu
, T. Leo Liu

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

251 Scopus citations

Abstract

Aqueous organic/organometallic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) have gained increasing attention for large-scale storage of intermittent renewable energy (e.g., solar and wind) due to the advantages of decoupled energy and power, high current and power performance, safety features, and synthetic tunability of charge storage molecules. Here, we report the synthesis and physicochemical properties of highly water-soluble (NH ₄ ) ₃ [Fe(CN) ₆ ] and (NH ₄ ) ₄ [Fe(CN) ₆ ] catholyte materials and their application in pH neutral AORFBs. A 1.5 M half-cell (NH ₄ ) ₃ [Fe(CN) ₆ ]/(NH ₄ ) ₄ [Fe(CN) ₆ ] redox flow battery confirmed the high capacity and stability of ammonium ferrocyanide catholyte at pH neutral conditions. Paired with 1,1′-bis(3-sulfonatopropyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium ((SPr) ₂ V) anolyte, a 0.9 M symmetric (NH ₄ ) ₄ [Fe(CN) ₆ ]/(SPr) ₂ V AORFB free of supporting electrolytes exhibited excellent cycling performance including nearly 100% capacity retention in 1,000 cycles (1,100 testing hours), 62.6% energy efficiency at 40 mA/cm ² operation current density, and a power density of 72.5 mW/cm ² , representing the most stable AORFB reported so far.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	149-163
Number of pages	15
Journal	Joule
Volume	3
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.10.010
State	Published - Jan 16 2019
Externally published	Yes

Funding

We thank Utah State University for providing faculty startup funds to the PI (T.L.L.) and the Utah Science Technology and Research initiative (USTAR) UTAG award for supporting this study. B.H. is grateful for the China CSC Abroad Studying Fellowship and the Utah Energy Triangle Student Award supported by the Office of Energy of the Utah State government, respectively, to support his graduate program. C.D. is grateful for his USU Presidential Doctoral Research Fellowship supported by USU. Y.Z. and B.Y. are grateful for the China CSC Abroad Studying Fellowship to support their exchange scholar program at USU. M.H. is grateful for the China CSC Abroad Studying Fellowship to support her graduate program.

Keywords

anolyte
batteries
catholyte
energy storage
ferrocyanide
molecular engineering
redox active molecules
redox flow battery
viologen

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10.1016/j.joule.2018.10.010

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title = "Unprecedented Capacity and Stability of Ammonium Ferrocyanide Catholyte in pH Neutral Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries",

abstract = " Aqueous organic/organometallic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) have gained increasing attention for large-scale storage of intermittent renewable energy (e.g., solar and wind) due to the advantages of decoupled energy and power, high current and power performance, safety features, and synthetic tunability of charge storage molecules. Here, we report the synthesis and physicochemical properties of highly water-soluble (NH 4 ) 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] and (NH 4 ) 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] catholyte materials and their application in pH neutral AORFBs. A 1.5 M half-cell (NH 4 ) 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]/(NH 4 ) 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] redox flow battery confirmed the high capacity and stability of ammonium ferrocyanide catholyte at pH neutral conditions. Paired with 1,1′-bis(3-sulfonatopropyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium ((SPr) 2 V) anolyte, a 0.9 M symmetric (NH 4 ) 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ]/(SPr) 2 V AORFB free of supporting electrolytes exhibited excellent cycling performance including nearly 100\% capacity retention in 1,000 cycles (1,100 testing hours), 62.6\% energy efficiency at 40 mA/cm 2 operation current density, and a power density of 72.5 mW/cm 2 , representing the most stable AORFB reported so far.",

keywords = "anolyte, batteries, catholyte, energy storage, ferrocyanide, molecular engineering, redox active molecules, redox flow battery, viologen",

author = "Jian Luo and Bo Hu and Camden Debruler and Yujing Bi and Yu Zhao and Bing Yuan and Maowei Hu and Wenda Wu and Liu, \{T. Leo\}",

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T1 - Unprecedented Capacity and Stability of Ammonium Ferrocyanide Catholyte in pH Neutral Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

AU - Luo, Jian

AU - Hu, Bo

AU - Debruler, Camden

AU - Bi, Yujing

AU - Zhao, Yu

AU - Yuan, Bing

AU - Hu, Maowei

AU - Wu, Wenda

AU - Liu, T. Leo

PY - 2019/1/16

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N2 - Aqueous organic/organometallic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) have gained increasing attention for large-scale storage of intermittent renewable energy (e.g., solar and wind) due to the advantages of decoupled energy and power, high current and power performance, safety features, and synthetic tunability of charge storage molecules. Here, we report the synthesis and physicochemical properties of highly water-soluble (NH 4 ) 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] and (NH 4 ) 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] catholyte materials and their application in pH neutral AORFBs. A 1.5 M half-cell (NH 4 ) 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]/(NH 4 ) 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] redox flow battery confirmed the high capacity and stability of ammonium ferrocyanide catholyte at pH neutral conditions. Paired with 1,1′-bis(3-sulfonatopropyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium ((SPr) 2 V) anolyte, a 0.9 M symmetric (NH 4 ) 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ]/(SPr) 2 V AORFB free of supporting electrolytes exhibited excellent cycling performance including nearly 100% capacity retention in 1,000 cycles (1,100 testing hours), 62.6% energy efficiency at 40 mA/cm 2 operation current density, and a power density of 72.5 mW/cm 2 , representing the most stable AORFB reported so far.

AB - Aqueous organic/organometallic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) have gained increasing attention for large-scale storage of intermittent renewable energy (e.g., solar and wind) due to the advantages of decoupled energy and power, high current and power performance, safety features, and synthetic tunability of charge storage molecules. Here, we report the synthesis and physicochemical properties of highly water-soluble (NH 4 ) 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] and (NH 4 ) 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] catholyte materials and their application in pH neutral AORFBs. A 1.5 M half-cell (NH 4 ) 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]/(NH 4 ) 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] redox flow battery confirmed the high capacity and stability of ammonium ferrocyanide catholyte at pH neutral conditions. Paired with 1,1′-bis(3-sulfonatopropyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium ((SPr) 2 V) anolyte, a 0.9 M symmetric (NH 4 ) 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ]/(SPr) 2 V AORFB free of supporting electrolytes exhibited excellent cycling performance including nearly 100% capacity retention in 1,000 cycles (1,100 testing hours), 62.6% energy efficiency at 40 mA/cm 2 operation current density, and a power density of 72.5 mW/cm 2 , representing the most stable AORFB reported so far.

KW - anolyte

KW - batteries

KW - catholyte

KW - energy storage

KW - ferrocyanide

KW - molecular engineering

KW - redox active molecules

KW - redox flow battery

KW - viologen

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DO - 10.1016/j.joule.2018.10.010

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IS - 1

ER -

Unprecedented Capacity and Stability of Ammonium Ferrocyanide Catholyte in pH Neutral Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

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