Universal Effective Charges in the sd and fp Shells

T. H. Ogunbeku; J. M. Allmond; T. J. Gray; W. J. Ong; B. A. Brown; A. Gargano; R. Grzywacz; J. D. Holt; A. O. Macchiavelli; T. Miyagi; S. Neupane; B. C. Rasco; H. Schatz; B. M. Sherrill; O. B. Tarasov; H. Arora; A. D. Ayangeakaa; H. C. Berg; J. M. Berkman; D. L. Bleuel; K. Bosmpotinis; M. P. Carpenter; G. Cerizza; A. Chester; J. M. Christie; I. Cox; H. L. Crawford; B. P. Crider; J. Davis; A. A. Doetsch; J. G. Duarte; A. Estrade; A. Fijałkowska; C. Frantzis; T. Gaballah; E. C. Good; K. Haak; S. Hanai; J. T. Harke; A. C. Hartley; K. Hermansen; D. E.M. Hoff; D. Hoskins; J. Huffman; P. Van Isacker; R. Jain; M. Karny; T. T. King; N. Kitamura; K. Kolos; A. Laminack; S. N. Liddick; B. Longfellow; R. S. Lubna; S. Lyons; M. Madurga; M. J. Mogannam; G. Owens-Fryar; J. R. Palomino; M. M. Rajabali; A. L. Richard; I. J. Richardson; E. K. Ronning; G. E. Rose; T. J. Ruland; K. P. Rykaczewski; N. D. Scielzo; D. P. Scriven; D. Seweryniak; K. Siegl; M. Singh; A. Spyrou; M. Stepaniuk; A. E. Stuchbery; A. Sweet; V. Tripathi; A. Tsantiri; S. Uthayakumaar; W. B. Walters; S. Watters; Z. Xu; R. Yokoyama

doi:10.1103/75ry-71sj

Universal Effective Charges in the sd and fp Shells

T. H. Ogunbeku
, J. M. Allmond
, T. J. Gray
, W. J. Ong
, B. A. Brown
, A. Gargano
, R. Grzywacz
, J. D. Holt
, A. O. Macchiavelli
, T. Miyagi
, S. Neupane
, B. C. Rasco
, H. Schatz
, B. M. Sherrill
, O. B. Tarasov
, H. Arora
, A. D. Ayangeakaa
, H. C. Berg
, J. M. Berkman
, D. L. Bleuel

K. Bosmpotinis, M. P. Carpenter, G. Cerizza, A. Chester, J. M. Christie, I. Cox, H. L. Crawford, B. P. Crider, J. Davis, A. A. Doetsch, J. G. Duarte, A. Estrade, A. Fijałkowska, C. Frantzis, T. Gaballah, E. C. Good, K. Haak, S. Hanai, J. T. Harke, A. C. Hartley, K. Hermansen, D. E.M. Hoff, D. Hoskins, J. Huffman, P. Van Isacker, R. Jain, M. Karny, T. T. King, N. Kitamura, K. Kolos, A. Laminack, S. N. Liddick, B. Longfellow, R. S. Lubna, S. Lyons, M. Madurga, M. J. Mogannam, G. Owens-Fryar, J. R. Palomino, M. M. Rajabali, A. L. Richard, I. J. Richardson, E. K. Ronning, G. E. Rose, T. J. Ruland, K. P. Rykaczewski, N. D. Scielzo, D. P. Scriven, D. Seweryniak, K. Siegl, M. Singh, A. Spyrou, M. Stepaniuk, A. E. Stuchbery, A. Sweet, V. Tripathi, A. Tsantiri, S. Uthayakumaar, W. B. Walters, S. Watters, Z. Xu, R. Yokoyama

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1 Scopus citations

Abstract

The 247-keV state in Sc54, populated in the β decay of Ca54, is reported here as a nanosecond isomer with a half-life of 26.0(22) ns. The state is interpreted as the 1+ member of the πf7/2 - νf5/2 spin-coupled multiplet, which decays to the 3+,πf7/2 - νp1/2 ground state. The new half-life corresponds to a pure E2 transition with a strength of 1.93(16) W.u., providing the most precise, unambiguous B(E2) value in the neutron-rich fp region to date for a nucleus with valence protons above Z=20. Notably, it is roughly 4 times larger than the B(E2;1/2-→5/2-) value in Ca55. The results, as compared to semiempirical and ab initio shell-model calculations, indicate (1) a weak N=34 subshell gap relative to N=32, (2) a large E2 enhancement in Sc as compared to Ca due to 1p-1h proton excitations across Z=28, and (3) empirical effective proton and neutron charges eπ=1.30(8)e and eν=0.452(7)e, respectively, that are in contrast to reports of eπ≈1.1-1.15e and eν≈0.6-0.8e for fp-shell nuclei near N=Z. We demonstrate that these reports are erroneous and that, in fact, a universal set of effective charges can be used across the sd and fp shells.

Original language	English
Article number	072501
Journal	Physical Review Letters
Volume	135
Issue number	7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/75ry-71sj
State	Published - Aug 15 2025

Funding

This material is based upon work supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under Contracts No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 (ANL), No. DE-AC02-98CH10946 (BNL), No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 (LBNL), No. DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL), No. DE-SC0020451, No. DE-SC0023633 (Michigan State), No. DE-SC0014448 (Mississippi State), No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 (ORNL), and No. DE-FG02-96ER40983 (UTK). This work was also supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grants No. PHY-23-10078, No. PHY-2110365, No. PHY-2012522 (FSU), and No. PHY-1848177 (CAREER) (Mississippi State). Additional support was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration under Award No. DE-NA0003180 (Michigan State) and the Stewardship Science Academic Alliances program through DOE Awards No. DE-NA0003899 (UTK), No. DE-SC0016988 (TTU), and No. DOE-DE-NA0003906 (Michigan State), and National Science Foundation Major Research Instrumentation Program Award No. 1919735 (UTK, TTU). This research was also supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy. This work was also supported in part by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)—Project-ID 279384907—SFB 1245. This work was in part supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement No. 101020842) and JST ERATO Grant No. JPMJER2304, Japan. For the VS-IMSRG calculations, the n u h amil , imsrg ++ , and kshell codes were used to generate chiral effective field theory matrix elements, to perform the valence-space decoupling, and to solve the valence-space problems, respectively. The VS-IMSRG calculations were in part performed with an allocation of computing resources at the Jülich Supercomputing Center and on Cygnus and Pegasus at the CCS, University of Tsukuba. This research used resources of the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility.

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10.1103/75ry-71sj

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Ogunbeku, T. H., Allmond, J. M., Gray, T. J., Ong, W. J., Brown, B. A., Gargano, A., Grzywacz, R., Holt, J. D., Macchiavelli, A. O., Miyagi, T., Neupane, S., Rasco, B. C., Schatz, H., Sherrill, B. M., Tarasov, O. B., Arora, H., Ayangeakaa, A. D., Berg, H. C., Berkman, J. M., ... Yokoyama, R. (2025). Universal Effective Charges in the sd and fp Shells. Physical Review Letters, 135(7), Article 072501. https://doi.org/10.1103/75ry-71sj

@article{e7dfd58e2d1242198b24f33e5865f531,

title = "Universal Effective Charges in the sd and fp Shells",

abstract = "The 247-keV state in Sc54, populated in the β decay of Ca54, is reported here as a nanosecond isomer with a half-life of 26.0(22) ns. The state is interpreted as the 1+ member of the πf7/2 - νf5/2 spin-coupled multiplet, which decays to the 3+,πf7/2 - νp1/2 ground state. The new half-life corresponds to a pure E2 transition with a strength of 1.93(16) W.u., providing the most precise, unambiguous B(E2) value in the neutron-rich fp region to date for a nucleus with valence protons above Z=20. Notably, it is roughly 4 times larger than the B(E2;1/2-→5/2-) value in Ca55. The results, as compared to semiempirical and ab initio shell-model calculations, indicate (1) a weak N=34 subshell gap relative to N=32, (2) a large E2 enhancement in Sc as compared to Ca due to 1p-1h proton excitations across Z=28, and (3) empirical effective proton and neutron charges eπ=1.30(8)e and eν=0.452(7)e, respectively, that are in contrast to reports of eπ≈1.1-1.15e and eν≈0.6-0.8e for fp-shell nuclei near N=Z. We demonstrate that these reports are erroneous and that, in fact, a universal set of effective charges can be used across the sd and fp shells.",

author = "Ogunbeku, \{T. H.\} and Allmond, \{J. M.\} and Gray, \{T. J.\} and Ong, \{W. J.\} and Brown, \{B. A.\} and A. Gargano and R. Grzywacz and Holt, \{J. D.\} and Macchiavelli, \{A. O.\} and T. Miyagi and S. Neupane and Rasco, \{B. C.\} and H. Schatz and Sherrill, \{B. M.\} and Tarasov, \{O. B.\} and H. Arora and Ayangeakaa, \{A. D.\} and Berg, \{H. C.\} and Berkman, \{J. M.\} and Bleuel, \{D. L.\} and K. Bosmpotinis and Carpenter, \{M. P.\} and G. Cerizza and A. Chester and Christie, \{J. M.\} and I. Cox and Crawford, \{H. L.\} and Crider, \{B. P.\} and J. Davis and Doetsch, \{A. A.\} and Duarte, \{J. G.\} and A. Estrade and A. Fija{\l}kowska and C. Frantzis and T. Gaballah and Good, \{E. C.\} and K. Haak and S. Hanai and Harke, \{J. T.\} and Hartley, \{A. C.\} and K. Hermansen and Hoff, \{D. E.M.\} and D. Hoskins and J. Huffman and \{Van Isacker\}, P. and R. Jain and M. Karny and King, \{T. T.\} and N. Kitamura and K. Kolos and A. Laminack and Liddick, \{S. N.\} and B. Longfellow and Lubna, \{R. S.\} and S. Lyons and M. Madurga and Mogannam, \{M. J.\} and G. Owens-Fryar and Palomino, \{J. R.\} and Rajabali, \{M. M.\} and Richard, \{A. L.\} and Richardson, \{I. J.\} and Ronning, \{E. K.\} and Rose, \{G. E.\} and Ruland, \{T. J.\} and Rykaczewski, \{K. P.\} and Scielzo, \{N. D.\} and Scriven, \{D. P.\} and D. Seweryniak and K. Siegl and M. Singh and A. Spyrou and M. Stepaniuk and Stuchbery, \{A. E.\} and A. Sweet and V. Tripathi and A. Tsantiri and S. Uthayakumaar and Walters, \{W. B.\} and S. Watters and Z. Xu and R. Yokoyama",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 American Physical Society.",

year = "2025",

month = aug,

day = "15",

doi = "10.1103/75ry-71sj",

language = "English",

volume = "135",

journal = "Physical Review Letters",

issn = "0031-9007",

publisher = "American Physical Society",

number = "7",

}

Ogunbeku, TH, Allmond, JM, Gray, TJ, Ong, WJ, Brown, BA, Gargano, A, Grzywacz, R, Holt, JD, Macchiavelli, AO, Miyagi, T, Neupane, S, Rasco, BC, Schatz, H, Sherrill, BM, Tarasov, OB, Arora, H, Ayangeakaa, AD, Berg, HC, Berkman, JM, Bleuel, DL, Bosmpotinis, K, Carpenter, MP, Cerizza, G, Chester, A, Christie, JM, Cox, I, Crawford, HL, Crider, BP, Davis, J, Doetsch, AA, Duarte, JG, Estrade, A, Fijałkowska, A, Frantzis, C, Gaballah, T, Good, EC, Haak, K, Hanai, S, Harke, JT, Hartley, AC, Hermansen, K, Hoff, DEM, Hoskins, D, Huffman, J, Van Isacker, P, Jain, R, Karny, M, King, TT, Kitamura, N, Kolos, K, Laminack, A, Liddick, SN, Longfellow, B, Lubna, RS, Lyons, S, Madurga, M, Mogannam, MJ, Owens-Fryar, G, Palomino, JR, Rajabali, MM, Richard, AL, Richardson, IJ, Ronning, EK, Rose, GE, Ruland, TJ, Rykaczewski, KP, Scielzo, ND, Scriven, DP, Seweryniak, D, Siegl, K, Singh, M, Spyrou, A, Stepaniuk, M, Stuchbery, AE, Sweet, A, Tripathi, V, Tsantiri, A, Uthayakumaar, S, Walters, WB, Watters, S, Xu, Z & Yokoyama, R 2025, 'Universal Effective Charges in the sd and fp Shells', Physical Review Letters, vol. 135, no. 7, 072501. https://doi.org/10.1103/75ry-71sj

TY - JOUR

T1 - Universal Effective Charges in the sd and fp Shells

AU - Ogunbeku, T. H.

AU - Allmond, J. M.

AU - Gray, T. J.

AU - Ong, W. J.

AU - Brown, B. A.

AU - Gargano, A.

AU - Grzywacz, R.

AU - Holt, J. D.

AU - Macchiavelli, A. O.

AU - Miyagi, T.

AU - Neupane, S.

AU - Rasco, B. C.

AU - Schatz, H.

AU - Sherrill, B. M.

AU - Tarasov, O. B.

AU - Arora, H.

AU - Ayangeakaa, A. D.

AU - Berg, H. C.

AU - Berkman, J. M.

AU - Bleuel, D. L.

AU - Bosmpotinis, K.

AU - Carpenter, M. P.

AU - Cerizza, G.

AU - Chester, A.

AU - Christie, J. M.

AU - Cox, I.

AU - Crawford, H. L.

AU - Crider, B. P.

AU - Davis, J.

AU - Doetsch, A. A.

AU - Duarte, J. G.

AU - Estrade, A.

AU - Fijałkowska, A.

AU - Frantzis, C.

AU - Gaballah, T.

AU - Good, E. C.

AU - Haak, K.

AU - Hanai, S.

AU - Harke, J. T.

AU - Hartley, A. C.

AU - Hermansen, K.

AU - Hoff, D. E.M.

AU - Hoskins, D.

AU - Huffman, J.

AU - Van Isacker, P.

AU - Jain, R.

AU - Karny, M.

AU - King, T. T.

AU - Kitamura, N.

AU - Kolos, K.

AU - Laminack, A.

AU - Liddick, S. N.

AU - Longfellow, B.

AU - Lubna, R. S.

AU - Lyons, S.

AU - Madurga, M.

AU - Mogannam, M. J.

AU - Owens-Fryar, G.

AU - Palomino, J. R.

AU - Rajabali, M. M.

AU - Richard, A. L.

AU - Richardson, I. J.

AU - Ronning, E. K.

AU - Rose, G. E.

AU - Ruland, T. J.

AU - Rykaczewski, K. P.

AU - Scielzo, N. D.

AU - Scriven, D. P.

AU - Seweryniak, D.

AU - Siegl, K.

AU - Singh, M.

AU - Spyrou, A.

AU - Stepaniuk, M.

AU - Stuchbery, A. E.

AU - Sweet, A.

AU - Tripathi, V.

AU - Tsantiri, A.

AU - Uthayakumaar, S.

AU - Walters, W. B.

AU - Watters, S.

AU - Xu, Z.

AU - Yokoyama, R.

PY - 2025/8/15

Y1 - 2025/8/15

N2 - The 247-keV state in Sc54, populated in the β decay of Ca54, is reported here as a nanosecond isomer with a half-life of 26.0(22) ns. The state is interpreted as the 1+ member of the πf7/2 - νf5/2 spin-coupled multiplet, which decays to the 3+,πf7/2 - νp1/2 ground state. The new half-life corresponds to a pure E2 transition with a strength of 1.93(16) W.u., providing the most precise, unambiguous B(E2) value in the neutron-rich fp region to date for a nucleus with valence protons above Z=20. Notably, it is roughly 4 times larger than the B(E2;1/2-→5/2-) value in Ca55. The results, as compared to semiempirical and ab initio shell-model calculations, indicate (1) a weak N=34 subshell gap relative to N=32, (2) a large E2 enhancement in Sc as compared to Ca due to 1p-1h proton excitations across Z=28, and (3) empirical effective proton and neutron charges eπ=1.30(8)e and eν=0.452(7)e, respectively, that are in contrast to reports of eπ≈1.1-1.15e and eν≈0.6-0.8e for fp-shell nuclei near N=Z. We demonstrate that these reports are erroneous and that, in fact, a universal set of effective charges can be used across the sd and fp shells.

AB - The 247-keV state in Sc54, populated in the β decay of Ca54, is reported here as a nanosecond isomer with a half-life of 26.0(22) ns. The state is interpreted as the 1+ member of the πf7/2 - νf5/2 spin-coupled multiplet, which decays to the 3+,πf7/2 - νp1/2 ground state. The new half-life corresponds to a pure E2 transition with a strength of 1.93(16) W.u., providing the most precise, unambiguous B(E2) value in the neutron-rich fp region to date for a nucleus with valence protons above Z=20. Notably, it is roughly 4 times larger than the B(E2;1/2-→5/2-) value in Ca55. The results, as compared to semiempirical and ab initio shell-model calculations, indicate (1) a weak N=34 subshell gap relative to N=32, (2) a large E2 enhancement in Sc as compared to Ca due to 1p-1h proton excitations across Z=28, and (3) empirical effective proton and neutron charges eπ=1.30(8)e and eν=0.452(7)e, respectively, that are in contrast to reports of eπ≈1.1-1.15e and eν≈0.6-0.8e for fp-shell nuclei near N=Z. We demonstrate that these reports are erroneous and that, in fact, a universal set of effective charges can be used across the sd and fp shells.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105015780115

U2 - 10.1103/75ry-71sj

DO - 10.1103/75ry-71sj

M3 - Article

C2 - 40929225

AN - SCOPUS:105015780115

SN - 0031-9007

VL - 135

JO - Physical Review Letters

JF - Physical Review Letters

IS - 7

M1 - 072501

ER -

Universal Effective Charges in the sd and fp Shells

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