Understanding the Interactions in Systems with Multiple Types of Grid-Forming Inverters

Pranjal M. Gajare; Mohammadreza Miranbeigi; Joseph Benzaquen; Prasad Kandula; Deepak Divan

doi:10.1109/PEDG54999.2022.9923282

Understanding the Interactions in Systems with Multiple Types of Grid-Forming Inverters

Pranjal M. Gajare, Mohammadreza Miranbeigi, Joseph Benzaquen, Prasad Kandula, Deepak Divan

Power Electronics Systems Integration

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

5 Scopus citations

Abstract

The massive deployment of inverter-based resources (IBRs) has accelerated the development of grid-forming (GFM) technologies. Various GFM control schemes have been formulated, most of which demonstrate similar steady-state operation governed by power-frequency droop characteristics. On the other hand, the performance under normal and abnormal conditions of modern power systems will now be governed by the features of the individual controller and the interactions between them. This paper analyzes the dynamic frequency and active power-sharing characteristics of several state-of-the-art GFM controllers in a multi-IBR grid-interactive microgrid. In detail, the performance of a virtual synchronous machine (VSM) and a nonlinear adaptive inertia-based universal control (UniCon) schemes are compared under various commonly encountered transients when operating in conjunction with a standard droop-based controller. Moreover, a disagreement formulation metric is proposed to study the power-sharing characteristics under different transients. Lastly, the comprehensive simulation studies carried out in this article demonstrate that adaptive inertia-based GFM control schemes minimize the interactions in a system with multiple types of GFM inverters.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2022 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2022
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
ISBN (Electronic)	9781665466189
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG54999.2022.9923282
State	Published - 2022
Event	13th IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2022 - Kiel, Germany Duration: Jun 26 2022 → Jun 29 2022

Publication series

Name	2022 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2022

Conference

Conference	13th IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2022
Country/Territory	Germany
City	Kiel
Period	06/26/22 → 06/29/22

Funding

The authors are grateful for the support provided by the Center for Distributed Energy (CDE) at Georgia Tech for this work.

Keywords

Grid-forming
adaptive virtual inertia
inverter interactions
multi-inverter systems

Access to Document

10.1109/PEDG54999.2022.9923282

Cite this

Gajare, P. M., Miranbeigi, M., Benzaquen, J., Kandula, P., & Divan, D. (2022). Understanding the Interactions in Systems with Multiple Types of Grid-Forming Inverters. In 2022 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2022 (2022 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2022). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG54999.2022.9923282

Gajare, Pranjal M. ; Miranbeigi, Mohammadreza ; Benzaquen, Joseph et al. / Understanding the Interactions in Systems with Multiple Types of Grid-Forming Inverters. 2022 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2022. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022. (2022 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2022).

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abstract = "The massive deployment of inverter-based resources (IBRs) has accelerated the development of grid-forming (GFM) technologies. Various GFM control schemes have been formulated, most of which demonstrate similar steady-state operation governed by power-frequency droop characteristics. On the other hand, the performance under normal and abnormal conditions of modern power systems will now be governed by the features of the individual controller and the interactions between them. This paper analyzes the dynamic frequency and active power-sharing characteristics of several state-of-the-art GFM controllers in a multi-IBR grid-interactive microgrid. In detail, the performance of a virtual synchronous machine (VSM) and a nonlinear adaptive inertia-based universal control (UniCon) schemes are compared under various commonly encountered transients when operating in conjunction with a standard droop-based controller. Moreover, a disagreement formulation metric is proposed to study the power-sharing characteristics under different transients. Lastly, the comprehensive simulation studies carried out in this article demonstrate that adaptive inertia-based GFM control schemes minimize the interactions in a system with multiple types of GFM inverters.",

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Gajare, PM, Miranbeigi, M, Benzaquen, J, Kandula, P & Divan, D 2022, Understanding the Interactions in Systems with Multiple Types of Grid-Forming Inverters. in 2022 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2022. 2022 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2022, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 13th IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2022, Kiel, Germany, 06/26/22. https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG54999.2022.9923282

Understanding the Interactions in Systems with Multiple Types of Grid-Forming Inverters. / Gajare, Pranjal M.; Miranbeigi, Mohammadreza; Benzaquen, Joseph et al.
2022 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2022. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022. (2022 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2022).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

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AU - Divan, Deepak

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N2 - The massive deployment of inverter-based resources (IBRs) has accelerated the development of grid-forming (GFM) technologies. Various GFM control schemes have been formulated, most of which demonstrate similar steady-state operation governed by power-frequency droop characteristics. On the other hand, the performance under normal and abnormal conditions of modern power systems will now be governed by the features of the individual controller and the interactions between them. This paper analyzes the dynamic frequency and active power-sharing characteristics of several state-of-the-art GFM controllers in a multi-IBR grid-interactive microgrid. In detail, the performance of a virtual synchronous machine (VSM) and a nonlinear adaptive inertia-based universal control (UniCon) schemes are compared under various commonly encountered transients when operating in conjunction with a standard droop-based controller. Moreover, a disagreement formulation metric is proposed to study the power-sharing characteristics under different transients. Lastly, the comprehensive simulation studies carried out in this article demonstrate that adaptive inertia-based GFM control schemes minimize the interactions in a system with multiple types of GFM inverters.

AB - The massive deployment of inverter-based resources (IBRs) has accelerated the development of grid-forming (GFM) technologies. Various GFM control schemes have been formulated, most of which demonstrate similar steady-state operation governed by power-frequency droop characteristics. On the other hand, the performance under normal and abnormal conditions of modern power systems will now be governed by the features of the individual controller and the interactions between them. This paper analyzes the dynamic frequency and active power-sharing characteristics of several state-of-the-art GFM controllers in a multi-IBR grid-interactive microgrid. In detail, the performance of a virtual synchronous machine (VSM) and a nonlinear adaptive inertia-based universal control (UniCon) schemes are compared under various commonly encountered transients when operating in conjunction with a standard droop-based controller. Moreover, a disagreement formulation metric is proposed to study the power-sharing characteristics under different transients. Lastly, the comprehensive simulation studies carried out in this article demonstrate that adaptive inertia-based GFM control schemes minimize the interactions in a system with multiple types of GFM inverters.

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Gajare PM, Miranbeigi M, Benzaquen J, Kandula P, Divan D. Understanding the Interactions in Systems with Multiple Types of Grid-Forming Inverters. In 2022 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2022. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2022. (2022 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2022). doi: 10.1109/PEDG54999.2022.9923282

Understanding the Interactions in Systems with Multiple Types of Grid-Forming Inverters

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