Abstract
Two-particle transverse momentum differential correlators, recently measured in Pb-Pb collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), provide an additional tool to gain insights into particle production mechanisms and infer transport properties, such as the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density, of the medium created in Pb-Pb collisions. The longitudinal long-range correlations and the large azimuthal anisotropy measured at low transverse momenta in small collision systems, namely pp and p-Pb, at LHC energies resemble manifestations of collective behavior. This suggests that locally equilibrated matter may be produced in these small collision systems, similar to what is observed in Pb-Pb collisions. In this work, the same two-particle transverse momentum differential correlators are exploited in pp and p-Pb collisions at s=7TeV and sNN=5.02TeV, respectively, to seek evidence for viscous effects. Specifically, the strength and shape of the correlators are studied as a function of the produced particle multiplicity to identify evidence for longitudinal broadening that might reveal the presence of viscous effects in these smaller systems. The measured correlators and their evolution from pp and p-Pb to Pb-Pb collisions are additionally compared to predictions from Monte Carlo event generators, and the potential presence of viscous effects is discussed.
Original language | English |
---|---|
Article number | 054617 |
Journal | Physical Review C |
Volume | 107 |
Issue number | 5 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - May 2023 |
Funding
The ALICE Collaboration would like to thank all its engineers and technicians for their invaluable contributions to the construction of the experiment and the CERN accelerator teams for the outstanding performance of the LHC complex. The ALICE Collaboration gratefully acknowledges the resources and support provided by all Grid centres and the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) Collaboration. The ALICE Collaboration acknowledges the following funding agencies for their support in building and running the ALICE detector: A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation (ANSL), State Committee of Science and World Federation of Scientists (WFS), Armenia; Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [M 2467-N36], and Nationalstiftung für Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung, Austria; Ministry of Communications and High Technologies, Nats; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), and Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, within the National Roadmap for Research Infrastructures 2020–2027 (object CERN), Bulgaria; Ministry of Education of China (MOEC), Ministry of Science & Technology of China (MSTC), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), China; Ministry of Science and Education and Croatian Science Foundation, Croatia; Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Cubaenergía, Cuba; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic; The Danish Council for Independent Research–Natural Sciences, the VILLUM FONDEN, and Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF), Denmark; Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Finland; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Germany; General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Education, Research and Religions, Greece; National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary; Department of Atomic Energy Government of India (DAE), Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (DST), University Grants Commission, Government of India (UGC), and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India; National Research and Innovation Agency–BRIN, Indonesia; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy; Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI, Japan; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia (CONACYT) y Tecnología, through Fondo de Cooperación Internacional en Ciencia y Tecnología (FONCICYT) and Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Academico (DGAPA), Mexico; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Netherlands; The Research Council of Norway, Norway; Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSATS), Pakistan; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Peru; Ministry of Education and Science, National Science Centre and WUT ID-UB, Poland; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), Republic of Korea; Ministry of Education and Scientific Research, Institute of Atomic Physics, Ministry of Research and Innovation and Institute of Atomic Physics, and University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania; Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, Slovakia; National Research Foundation of South Africa, South Africa; Swedish Research Council (VR) and Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW), Sweden; European Organization for Nuclear Research, Switzerland; Suranaree University of Technology (SUT), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Research and Innovation (TSRI), and National Science, Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF), Thailand; Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency (TENMAK), Turkey; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), United Kingdom; National Science Foundation of the United States of America (NSF) and United States Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics (DOE NP), United States of America. In addition, individual groups or members have received support from Marie Skłodowska Curie, European Research Council, Strong 2020–Horizon 2020 (Grants No. 950692, No. 824093, No. 896850), European Union; Academy of Finland (Center of Excellence in Quark Matter) (Grants No. 346327, No. 346328), Finland; Programa de Apoyos para la Superación del Personal Académico, UNAM, Mexico.
Funders | Funder number |
---|---|
General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Education, Research and Religions | |
Helsinki Institute of Physics | |
Ministry of Communications and High Technologies | |
Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport | |
Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic | |
Ministry of Science and Education and Croatian Science Foundation | |
NSRF | |
National Science, Research and Innovation Fund | |
State Committee of Science and World Federation | |
University Grants Commission, Government of India | |
WUT ID-UB | |
Yerevan Physics Institute | |
U.S. Department of Energy | |
Nuclear Physics | |
Villum Fonden | |
Ministry of Education and Science | |
Österreichische Nationalstiftung für Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung | |
CERN | |
Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu | |
Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional | |
Science and Technology Facilities Council | |
National Research Foundation | |
Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India | |
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India | |
University Grants Commission | |
Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India | |
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science | |
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology | |
Danmarks Grundforskningsfond | |
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo | |
National Natural Science Foundation of China | |
Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften | |
Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China | |
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung | |
Austrian Science Fund | M 2467-N36 |
Austrian Science Fund | |
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China | |
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología | |
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek | |
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico | |
Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information | |
National Research Foundation of Korea | |
Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare | |
Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse | |
National Science and Technology Development Agency | |
Narodowe Centrum Nauki | |
Suranaree University of Technology | |
Vetenskapsrådet | |
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine | |
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique | |
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos | |
Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond | |
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul | |
Norges Forskningsråd | |
Ministry of Education and Science | |
Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México | |
Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives | |
Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research | |
Universitatea din București | |
Fondo de Cooperación Internacional en Ciencia y Tecnología | |
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung | |
Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal | |
Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules | |
Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation | |
Thailand Science Research and Innovation | |
Institutul de Fizică Atomică | |
Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences | |
Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear |