Tri-Level Scheduling Model Considering Residential Demand Flexibility of Aggregated HVACs and EVs under Distribution LMP

Xiaofei Wang; Fangxing Li; Jin Dong; Mohammed M. Olama; Qiwei Zhang; Qingxin Shi; Byungkwon Park; Teja Kuruganti

doi:10.1109/TSG.2021.3075386

Tri-Level Scheduling Model Considering Residential Demand Flexibility of Aggregated HVACs and EVs under Distribution LMP

Xiaofei Wang, Fangxing Li, Jin Dong, Mohammed M. Olama, Qiwei Zhang, Qingxin Shi, Byungkwon Park, Teja Kuruganti

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

71 Scopus citations

Abstract

Residential loads, especially heating, ventilation and air conditioners (HVACs) and electric vehicles (EVs), have great potentials to provide demand flexibility which is an attribute of grid-interactive efficient buildings (GEB). Under this new paradigm, EV and HVAC aggregator models are first developed in this paper to represent the fleet of GEBs, in which the aggregated parameters are obtained based on a new approach of data generation and least squares parameter estimation (DG-LSPE), which can deal with heterogeneous HVACs. Then, a tri-level bidding and dispatching framework is established based on competitive distribution operation with distribution locational marginal price (DLMP). The first two levels form a bilevel model to optimize the aggregators' payment and to represent the interdependency between load aggregators and the distribution system operator (DSO) using DLMP, and the third level is to dispatch the optimal load aggregation to all residents by the proposed priority list-based demand dispatching algorithm. Finally, case studies on a modified IEEE 33-Bus system illustrate three main technical reasons of payment reduction due to demand flexibility: load shifts, DLMP step changes, and power losses. They can be used as general guidelines for better decision-making for future planning and operation of demand response programs.

Original language	English
Article number	9444228
Pages (from-to)	3990-4002
Number of pages	13
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid
Volume	12
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2021.3075386
State	Published - Sep 2021

Funding

Manuscript received October 20, 2020; revised March 16, 2021; accepted April 17, 2021. Date of publication May 28, 2021; date of current version August 23, 2021. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), including DOE’s Grid Modernization Laboratory Consortium (GMLC), Office of Electricity, and Building Technologies Office, and in part by the CURENT which is an Engineering Research Center funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and DOE under NSF Award EEC-1041877. Paper no. TSG-01569-2020. (Corresponding author: Fangxing Li.) Xiaofei Wang, Fangxing Li, Qiwei Zhang, and Qingxin Shi are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA (e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]). This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), including DOE's Grid Modernization Laboratory Consortium (GMLC), Office of Electricity, and Building Technologies Office, and in part by the CURENT which is an Engineering Research Center funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and DOE under NSF Award EEC- 1041877.

Funders	Funder number
DOE's Grid Modernization Laboratory Consortium
DOE’s Grid Modernization Laboratory Consortium
GMLC
National Science Foundation	EEC-1041877, TSG-01569-2020
U.S. Department of Energy
Building Technologies Office
Office of Electricity

Keywords

DLMP step change
EV aggregator
HVAC aggregator
distribution locational marginal price (DLMP)
load shift
residential demand flexibility
tri-level scheduling model

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10.1109/TSG.2021.3075386

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title = "Tri-Level Scheduling Model Considering Residential Demand Flexibility of Aggregated HVACs and EVs under Distribution LMP",

abstract = "Residential loads, especially heating, ventilation and air conditioners (HVACs) and electric vehicles (EVs), have great potentials to provide demand flexibility which is an attribute of grid-interactive efficient buildings (GEB). Under this new paradigm, EV and HVAC aggregator models are first developed in this paper to represent the fleet of GEBs, in which the aggregated parameters are obtained based on a new approach of data generation and least squares parameter estimation (DG-LSPE), which can deal with heterogeneous HVACs. Then, a tri-level bidding and dispatching framework is established based on competitive distribution operation with distribution locational marginal price (DLMP). The first two levels form a bilevel model to optimize the aggregators' payment and to represent the interdependency between load aggregators and the distribution system operator (DSO) using DLMP, and the third level is to dispatch the optimal load aggregation to all residents by the proposed priority list-based demand dispatching algorithm. Finally, case studies on a modified IEEE 33-Bus system illustrate three main technical reasons of payment reduction due to demand flexibility: load shifts, DLMP step changes, and power losses. They can be used as general guidelines for better decision-making for future planning and operation of demand response programs.",

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Tri-Level Scheduling Model Considering Residential Demand Flexibility of Aggregated HVACs and EVs under Distribution LMP

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