Transition to E-mobility and green energy generation for emission reduction: an Indian case study

Emission reduction is a global goal, and countries worldwide are working towards it. One possible solution is to electrify transportation networks, and changes in energy policies with increase in the use of renewable energy sources. India aims to reach 30% electric vehicle (EV) adoption, increase the use of green energy, and reduce emissions. However, this goal seems unattainable with current numbers. This work proposes to reduce the number of high-emitting road transport vehicles per passenger and replace them with mass transit systems under the proposed generation mix. The study establishes the emission trends under the current vehicle scenario, with only fossil-fuel-burning vehicles, and the EV scenario. Finally, it compares all vehicle mix and generation mix combinations in terms of emissions. The results show that India can achieve its goals under the Paris Agreement by adopting a vehicle mix consisting of more than 50% of EVs and a 5% reduction in high-emitting per-passenger vehicles, along with a generation mix that extensively uses renewable energy sources.