Toxic dye removal, remediation, and mechanism with doped SnO2-based nanocomposite photocatalysts: A critical review

Hridoy Roy; Tanzim Ur Rahman; Md Atquj Jaman Riad Khan; Md Rashid Al-Mamun; Syed Z. Islam; Md Abdul Khaleque; Md Ikram Hossain; Md Zaved Hossain Khan; Md Shahinoor Islam; Hadi M. Marwani; Aminul Islam; Md Munjur Hasan; Md Rabiul Awual

doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104069

Toxic dye removal, remediation, and mechanism with doped SnO₂-based nanocomposite photocatalysts: A critical review

Hridoy Roy, Tanzim Ur Rahman, Md Atquj Jaman Riad Khan, Md Rashid Al-Mamun, Syed Z. Islam, Md Abdul Khaleque, Md Ikram Hossain, Md Zaved Hossain Khan, Md Shahinoor Islam, Hadi M. Marwani, Aminul Islam, Md Munjur Hasan, Md Rabiul Awual

Soft Materials and Membranes

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

87 Scopus citations

Abstract

Heterogeneous photocatalysis is considered to be a sustainable solution for treating organic pollutants in wastewater. Tin oxide (SnO₂) has received immense attention from researchers due to its excellent photocatalytic activity, low cost, thermal stability, and resistance to photo erosion. The structural properties of SnO₂, different strategies for doping of SnO₂, organic degradation mechanisms, and optimization of operational parameters for enhanced photocatalysis were critically analyzed. Photocatalytic activity of pristine SnO₂ was enhanced by doping with metal oxide-based semiconductor materials, metals (transitional and earth), and non-metals. Doped SnO₂ exhibits higher photocatalytic efficiency than pristine SnO₂ due to the enhanced charge carrier separation, reduced electron-hole pair recombination, higher surface area, and lower band-gap energy. Green synthesized TiO₂ doped SnO₂ exhibited reduced band gap energy of 2.8 eV, and degraded 96 % MB within 75 min under visible light irradiation. The lowest bandgap energy for transitional metal-doped SnO₂ was achieved by Mn-doping on SnO₂ with a bandgap of ∼2.48 eV, whereas Cu-SnO₂ and pure SnO₂ have bandgap energies of 3.67 eV and ∼3.75 eV, respectively. Copper chromite spinel nanoparticles (CuCr₂O₄) doped SnO₂ with a band gap energy of 1.39 eV degraded crystal violet (CV) dye completely at neutral pH. Gadolinium (Gd) doped SnO₂ particles showed the highest surface area (58 m²/g) which was almost double the pristine SnO₂ particles. The degradation of organic dyes by doped-SnO₂ depended on initial pH, catalyst dosage, pollutants concentration, dose, light intensity, etc. For the degradation of cationic dye (MB), approximately 50 % more degradation was found at basic pH than at acidic pH utilizing pristine SnO₂ nanoparticles. On the contrary, about 20 % more degradation was found for anionic dye (Congo Red) degradation at acidic pH compared to basic pH. Moreover, optimization of catalyst dosage can result in about 50 % more degradation of pollutants. The ZnS-doped SnO₂ photocatalysts have shown an increased rate constant of photocatalytic reaction by 24.5 times when the concentration was reduced from 30 mg/L to 5 mg/L. This review also assessed the future research directions to develop sustainable organic pollutants-based wastewater using SnO₂.

Original language	English
Article number	104069
Journal	Journal of Water Process Engineering
Volume	54
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104069
State	Published - Aug 2023

Funding

The authors acknowledge the support from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The authors also wish to thank the anonymous reviewers and editor for their helpful suggestions and enlightening comments.

Funders	Funder number
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology

Keywords

Doping
Photocatalysis
SnO
Toxic dye removal and remediation
Water treatment

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104069

Cite this

Roy, H., Rahman, T. U., Khan, M. A. J. R., Al-Mamun, M. R., Islam, S. Z., Khaleque, M. A., Hossain, M. I., Khan, M. Z. H., Islam, M. S., Marwani, H. M., Islam, A., Hasan, M. M., & Awual, M. R. (2023). Toxic dye removal, remediation, and mechanism with doped SnO₂-based nanocomposite photocatalysts: A critical review. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 54, Article 104069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104069

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title = "Toxic dye removal, remediation, and mechanism with doped SnO2-based nanocomposite photocatalysts: A critical review",

abstract = "Heterogeneous photocatalysis is considered to be a sustainable solution for treating organic pollutants in wastewater. Tin oxide (SnO2) has received immense attention from researchers due to its excellent photocatalytic activity, low cost, thermal stability, and resistance to photo erosion. The structural properties of SnO2, different strategies for doping of SnO2, organic degradation mechanisms, and optimization of operational parameters for enhanced photocatalysis were critically analyzed. Photocatalytic activity of pristine SnO2 was enhanced by doping with metal oxide-based semiconductor materials, metals (transitional and earth), and non-metals. Doped SnO2 exhibits higher photocatalytic efficiency than pristine SnO2 due to the enhanced charge carrier separation, reduced electron-hole pair recombination, higher surface area, and lower band-gap energy. Green synthesized TiO2 doped SnO2 exhibited reduced band gap energy of 2.8 eV, and degraded 96 % MB within 75 min under visible light irradiation. The lowest bandgap energy for transitional metal-doped SnO2 was achieved by Mn-doping on SnO2 with a bandgap of ∼2.48 eV, whereas Cu-SnO2 and pure SnO2 have bandgap energies of 3.67 eV and ∼3.75 eV, respectively. Copper chromite spinel nanoparticles (CuCr2O4) doped SnO2 with a band gap energy of 1.39 eV degraded crystal violet (CV) dye completely at neutral pH. Gadolinium (Gd) doped SnO2 particles showed the highest surface area (58 m2/g) which was almost double the pristine SnO2 particles. The degradation of organic dyes by doped-SnO2 depended on initial pH, catalyst dosage, pollutants concentration, dose, light intensity, etc. For the degradation of cationic dye (MB), approximately 50 % more degradation was found at basic pH than at acidic pH utilizing pristine SnO2 nanoparticles. On the contrary, about 20 % more degradation was found for anionic dye (Congo Red) degradation at acidic pH compared to basic pH. Moreover, optimization of catalyst dosage can result in about 50 % more degradation of pollutants. The ZnS-doped SnO2 photocatalysts have shown an increased rate constant of photocatalytic reaction by 24.5 times when the concentration was reduced from 30 mg/L to 5 mg/L. This review also assessed the future research directions to develop sustainable organic pollutants-based wastewater using SnO2.",

keywords = "Doping, Photocatalysis, SnO, Toxic dye removal and remediation, Water treatment",

author = "Hridoy Roy and Rahman, {Tanzim Ur} and Khan, {Md Atquj Jaman Riad} and Al-Mamun, {Md Rashid} and Islam, {Syed Z.} and Khaleque, {Md Abdul} and Hossain, {Md Ikram} and Khan, {Md Zaved Hossain} and Islam, {Md Shahinoor} and Marwani, {Hadi M.} and Aminul Islam and Hasan, {Md Munjur} and Awual, {Md Rabiul}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 Elsevier Ltd",

year = "2023",

month = aug,

doi = "10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104069",

language = "English",

volume = "54",

journal = "Journal of Water Process Engineering",

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Roy, H, Rahman, TU, Khan, MAJR, Al-Mamun, MR, Islam, SZ, Khaleque, MA, Hossain, MI, Khan, MZH, Islam, MS, Marwani, HM, Islam, A, Hasan, MM & Awual, MR 2023, 'Toxic dye removal, remediation, and mechanism with doped SnO₂-based nanocomposite photocatalysts: A critical review', Journal of Water Process Engineering, vol. 54, 104069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104069

TY - JOUR

T1 - Toxic dye removal, remediation, and mechanism with doped SnO2-based nanocomposite photocatalysts

T2 - A critical review

AU - Roy, Hridoy

AU - Rahman, Tanzim Ur

AU - Khan, Md Atquj Jaman Riad

AU - Al-Mamun, Md Rashid

AU - Islam, Syed Z.

AU - Khaleque, Md Abdul

AU - Hossain, Md Ikram

AU - Khan, Md Zaved Hossain

AU - Islam, Md Shahinoor

AU - Marwani, Hadi M.

AU - Islam, Aminul

AU - Hasan, Md Munjur

AU - Awual, Md Rabiul

PY - 2023/8

Y1 - 2023/8

N2 - Heterogeneous photocatalysis is considered to be a sustainable solution for treating organic pollutants in wastewater. Tin oxide (SnO2) has received immense attention from researchers due to its excellent photocatalytic activity, low cost, thermal stability, and resistance to photo erosion. The structural properties of SnO2, different strategies for doping of SnO2, organic degradation mechanisms, and optimization of operational parameters for enhanced photocatalysis were critically analyzed. Photocatalytic activity of pristine SnO2 was enhanced by doping with metal oxide-based semiconductor materials, metals (transitional and earth), and non-metals. Doped SnO2 exhibits higher photocatalytic efficiency than pristine SnO2 due to the enhanced charge carrier separation, reduced electron-hole pair recombination, higher surface area, and lower band-gap energy. Green synthesized TiO2 doped SnO2 exhibited reduced band gap energy of 2.8 eV, and degraded 96 % MB within 75 min under visible light irradiation. The lowest bandgap energy for transitional metal-doped SnO2 was achieved by Mn-doping on SnO2 with a bandgap of ∼2.48 eV, whereas Cu-SnO2 and pure SnO2 have bandgap energies of 3.67 eV and ∼3.75 eV, respectively. Copper chromite spinel nanoparticles (CuCr2O4) doped SnO2 with a band gap energy of 1.39 eV degraded crystal violet (CV) dye completely at neutral pH. Gadolinium (Gd) doped SnO2 particles showed the highest surface area (58 m2/g) which was almost double the pristine SnO2 particles. The degradation of organic dyes by doped-SnO2 depended on initial pH, catalyst dosage, pollutants concentration, dose, light intensity, etc. For the degradation of cationic dye (MB), approximately 50 % more degradation was found at basic pH than at acidic pH utilizing pristine SnO2 nanoparticles. On the contrary, about 20 % more degradation was found for anionic dye (Congo Red) degradation at acidic pH compared to basic pH. Moreover, optimization of catalyst dosage can result in about 50 % more degradation of pollutants. The ZnS-doped SnO2 photocatalysts have shown an increased rate constant of photocatalytic reaction by 24.5 times when the concentration was reduced from 30 mg/L to 5 mg/L. This review also assessed the future research directions to develop sustainable organic pollutants-based wastewater using SnO2.

AB - Heterogeneous photocatalysis is considered to be a sustainable solution for treating organic pollutants in wastewater. Tin oxide (SnO2) has received immense attention from researchers due to its excellent photocatalytic activity, low cost, thermal stability, and resistance to photo erosion. The structural properties of SnO2, different strategies for doping of SnO2, organic degradation mechanisms, and optimization of operational parameters for enhanced photocatalysis were critically analyzed. Photocatalytic activity of pristine SnO2 was enhanced by doping with metal oxide-based semiconductor materials, metals (transitional and earth), and non-metals. Doped SnO2 exhibits higher photocatalytic efficiency than pristine SnO2 due to the enhanced charge carrier separation, reduced electron-hole pair recombination, higher surface area, and lower band-gap energy. Green synthesized TiO2 doped SnO2 exhibited reduced band gap energy of 2.8 eV, and degraded 96 % MB within 75 min under visible light irradiation. The lowest bandgap energy for transitional metal-doped SnO2 was achieved by Mn-doping on SnO2 with a bandgap of ∼2.48 eV, whereas Cu-SnO2 and pure SnO2 have bandgap energies of 3.67 eV and ∼3.75 eV, respectively. Copper chromite spinel nanoparticles (CuCr2O4) doped SnO2 with a band gap energy of 1.39 eV degraded crystal violet (CV) dye completely at neutral pH. Gadolinium (Gd) doped SnO2 particles showed the highest surface area (58 m2/g) which was almost double the pristine SnO2 particles. The degradation of organic dyes by doped-SnO2 depended on initial pH, catalyst dosage, pollutants concentration, dose, light intensity, etc. For the degradation of cationic dye (MB), approximately 50 % more degradation was found at basic pH than at acidic pH utilizing pristine SnO2 nanoparticles. On the contrary, about 20 % more degradation was found for anionic dye (Congo Red) degradation at acidic pH compared to basic pH. Moreover, optimization of catalyst dosage can result in about 50 % more degradation of pollutants. The ZnS-doped SnO2 photocatalysts have shown an increased rate constant of photocatalytic reaction by 24.5 times when the concentration was reduced from 30 mg/L to 5 mg/L. This review also assessed the future research directions to develop sustainable organic pollutants-based wastewater using SnO2.

KW - Doping

KW - Photocatalysis

KW - SnO

KW - Toxic dye removal and remediation

KW - Water treatment

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DO - 10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104069

M3 - Review article

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