Abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel multi-time scale emergency frequency response model by unlocking the flexibility of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems. Unlike assigning power ramping rates for FACTS to regulate frequency in traditional methods, this paper designs a step-change electromagnetic power frequency response (EPFR) scheme, by leveraging the temporal over/under DC voltage capability of HVDC. Wherein the Kullback-Leibler Divergence is adopted to convexify the modified swing equation after integrating the step-change power. Further, to avoid the complicated differential equations, we equivalently reformulate the duration limits of DC voltage deviation into the HVDC decreasing power ramping rates, which participate in the system primary frequency response. Finally, the new steady-state operation level of HVDC is involved with the secondary frequency response. As a result, an improved three-level algorithm is developed to solve the model, wherein the instant step-change, primary, and secondary frequency response are coordinated together. After applying the proposed frequency response scheme on the test system, the EPFR is validated to effectively provide the most instantaneous supports when faced with bulk power loss due to extreme contingencies, and the resilience is ensured within acceptable expenditures.
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | 2024 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PESGM 2024 |
Publisher | IEEE Computer Society |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9798350381832 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2024 |
Event | 2024 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PESGM 2024 - Seattle, United States Duration: Jul 21 2024 → Jul 25 2024 |
Publication series
Name | IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting |
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ISSN (Print) | 1944-9925 |
ISSN (Electronic) | 1944-9933 |
Conference
Conference | 2024 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PESGM 2024 |
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Country/Territory | United States |
City | Seattle |
Period | 07/21/24 → 07/25/24 |
Funding
This research is based upon work supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity, Transmission Reliability and Renewable Integrations Program under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.
Keywords
- HVDC systems
- frequency response
- interconnected systems
- multi-time scale
- step-change electromagnetic power