Titanium catalyzed perchlorate reduction and applications

This work provides a proof-of-principle demonstration that Ti(III)-catalyzed electrochemical techniques could potentially be used for reduction of ClO₄^- in small waste streams, such as the regeneration of selective anion-exchange resins that are loaded with ClO ₄^-. The technique may not be directly applied for the treatment of large volumes of ClO₄^--contaminated water at relatively low concentrations because of its slow reaction kinetics and the use of chemical reagents. Further studies are needed to optimize the reaction conditions in order to achieve a complete reduction of ClO₄ ^- and the regeneration of spent resin beds. Alternative complexing and reducing agents may be used to enhance the reaction completeness of sorbed ClO₄^- in the resin and to overcome potential clogging of micropores within the resin beads resulting from the precipitation of TiO ₂.