The XMM cluster survey: exploring scaling relations and completeness of the dark energy survey year 3 redMaPPer cluster catalogue

E. W. Upsdell; P. A. Giles; A. K. Romer; R. Wilkinson; D. J. Turner; M. Hilton; E. Rykoff; A. Farahi; S. Bhargava; T. Jeltema; M. Klein; A. Bermeo; C. A. Collins; L. Ebrahimpour; D. Hollowood; R. G. Mann; M. Manolopoulou; C. J. Miller; P. J. Rooney; Martin Sahlén; J. P. Stott; P. T.P. Viana; S. Allam; O. Alves; D. Bacon; E. Bertin; S. Bocquet; D. Brooks; D. L. Burke; M. Carrasco Kind; J. Carretero; M. Costanzi; L. N. da Costa; M. E.S. Pereira; J. De Vicente; S. Desai; H. T. Diehl; J. P. Dietrich; S. Everett; I. Ferrero; J. Frieman; J. García-Bellido; D. W. Gerdes; G. Gutierrez; S. R. Hinton; K. Honscheid; D. J. James; K. Kuehn; N. Kuropatkin; M. Lima; J. L. Marshall; J. Mena-Fernández; F. Menanteau; R. Miquel; J. J. Mohr; R. L.C. Ogando; A. Pieres; M. Raveri; M. Rodriguez-Monroy; E. Sanchez; V. Scarpine; I. Sevilla-Noarbe; M. Smith; E. Suchyta; M. E.C. Swanson; G. Tarle; C. To; N. Weaverdyck; J. Weller; P. Wiseman

doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1220

The XMM cluster survey: exploring scaling relations and completeness of the dark energy survey year 3 redMaPPer cluster catalogue

E. W. Upsdell, P. A. Giles, A. K. Romer, R. Wilkinson, D. J. Turner, M. Hilton, E. Rykoff, A. Farahi, S. Bhargava, T. Jeltema, M. Klein, A. Bermeo, C. A. Collins, L. Ebrahimpour, D. Hollowood, R. G. Mann, M. Manolopoulou, C. J. Miller, P. J. Rooney, Martin SahlénJ. P. Stott, P. T.P. Viana, S. Allam, O. Alves, D. Bacon, E. Bertin, S. Bocquet, D. Brooks, D. L. Burke, M. Carrasco Kind, J. Carretero, M. Costanzi, L. N. da Costa, M. E.S. Pereira, J. De Vicente, S. Desai, H. T. Diehl, J. P. Dietrich, S. Everett, I. Ferrero, J. Frieman, J. García-Bellido, D. W. Gerdes, G. Gutierrez, S. R. Hinton, K. Honscheid, D. J. James, K. Kuehn, N. Kuropatkin, M. Lima, J. L. Marshall, J. Mena-Fernández, F. Menanteau, R. Miquel, J. J. Mohr, R. L.C. Ogando, A. Pieres, M. Raveri, M. Rodriguez-Monroy, E. Sanchez, V. Scarpine, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, M. Smith, E. Suchyta, M. E.C. Swanson, G. Tarle, C. To, N. Weaverdyck, J. Weller, P. Wiseman

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Abstract

We cross-match and compare characteristics of galaxy clusters identified in observations from two sky surveys using two completely different techniques. One sample is optically selected from the analysis of 3 years of Dark Energy Survey observations using the redMaPPer cluster detection algorithm. The second is X-ray selected from XMM observations analysed by the XMM Cluster Survey. The samples comprise a total area of 57.4 deg², bounded by the area of four contiguous XMM survey regions that overlap the DES footprint. We find that the X-ray-selected sample is fully matched with entries in the redMaPPer catalogue, above λ > 20 and within 0.1 <z <0.9. Conversely, only 38 per cent of the redMaPPer catalogue is matched to an X-ray extended source. Next, using 120 optically clusters and 184 X-ray-selected clusters, we investigate the form of the X-ray luminosity-temperature (L_X -T_X ), luminosity-richness (L_X -λ), and temperature-richness (T_X -λ) scaling relations. We find that the fitted forms of the L_X -T_X relations are consistent between the two selection methods and also with other studies in the literature. However, we find tentative evidence for a steepening of the slope of the relation for low richness systems in the X-ray-selected sample. When considering the scaling of richness with X-ray properties, we again find consistency in the relations (i.e. L_X -λ and T_X -λ) between the optical and X-ray-selected samples. This is contrary to previous similar works that find a significant increase in the scatter of the luminosity scaling relation for X-ray-selected samples compared to optically selected samples.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	5267-5290
Number of pages	24
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	522
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1220
State	Published - Jul 1 2023

Funding

This paper has gone through internal review by the DES collaboration. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Funda\u00E7\u00E3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00E0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00EDfico e Tecnol\u00F3gico and the Minist\u00E9rio da Ci\u00EAncia, Tecnologia e Inova\u00E7\u00E3o, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Collaborating Institutions in the DES. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant numbers AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MICINN under grants ESP2017-89838, PGC2018-094773, PGC2018-102021, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union\u2019s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00EAncia e Tecnologia (INCT) do e-Universo (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). PG, KR, RW, DT, and EU recognizes support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council via grants ST/P000525/1 and ST/T000473/1 (PG, KR), ST/P006760/1 (RW, DT) and ST/T506461/1 (EU).

Funders	Funder number
Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University
Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia
Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Ohio State University
University of Chicago
Generalitat de Catalunya
Higher Education Funding Council for England
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
European Commission
Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção
U.S. Department of Energy
Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom
Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação
National Centre for Supercomputing Applications
European Research Council
European Regional Development Fund
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación	SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, MDM-2015-0509, PGC2018-094773, PGC2018-102021, ESP2017-89838
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico	465376/2014-2
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Science and Technology Facilities Council	ST/T506461/1, ST/P006760/1, ST/P000525/1, ST/T000473/1
Science and Technology Facilities Council
National Science Foundation	1138766, AST-1536171
National Science Foundation
Seventh Framework Programme	1138766, 240672, 306478, 291329
Seventh Framework Programme

Keywords

X-rays: galaxies: clusters
galaxies: clusters: general
galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium
galaxies: groups: general

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10.1093/mnras/stad1220

Cite this

Upsdell, E. W., Giles, P. A., Romer, A. K., Wilkinson, R., Turner, D. J., Hilton, M., Rykoff, E., Farahi, A., Bhargava, S., Jeltema, T., Klein, M., Bermeo, A., Collins, C. A., Ebrahimpour, L., Hollowood, D., Mann, R. G., Manolopoulou, M., Miller, C. J., Rooney, P. J., ... Wiseman, P. (2023). The XMM cluster survey: exploring scaling relations and completeness of the dark energy survey year 3 redMaPPer cluster catalogue. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 522(4), 5267-5290. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1220

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abstract = "We cross-match and compare characteristics of galaxy clusters identified in observations from two sky surveys using two completely different techniques. One sample is optically selected from the analysis of 3 years of Dark Energy Survey observations using the redMaPPer cluster detection algorithm. The second is X-ray selected from XMM observations analysed by the XMM Cluster Survey. The samples comprise a total area of 57.4 deg2, bounded by the area of four contiguous XMM survey regions that overlap the DES footprint. We find that the X-ray-selected sample is fully matched with entries in the redMaPPer catalogue, above λ > 20 and within 0.1 X -TX ), luminosity-richness (LX -λ), and temperature-richness (TX -λ) scaling relations. We find that the fitted forms of the LX -TX relations are consistent between the two selection methods and also with other studies in the literature. However, we find tentative evidence for a steepening of the slope of the relation for low richness systems in the X-ray-selected sample. When considering the scaling of richness with X-ray properties, we again find consistency in the relations (i.e. LX -λ and TX -λ) between the optical and X-ray-selected samples. This is contrary to previous similar works that find a significant increase in the scatter of the luminosity scaling relation for X-ray-selected samples compared to optically selected samples.",

keywords = "X-rays: galaxies: clusters, galaxies: clusters: general, galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium, galaxies: groups: general",

author = "Upsdell, {E. W.} and Giles, {P. A.} and Romer, {A. K.} and R. Wilkinson and Turner, {D. J.} and M. Hilton and E. Rykoff and A. Farahi and S. Bhargava and T. Jeltema and M. Klein and A. Bermeo and Collins, {C. A.} and L. Ebrahimpour and D. Hollowood and Mann, {R. G.} and M. Manolopoulou and Miller, {C. J.} and Rooney, {P. J.} and Martin Sahl{\'e}n and Stott, {J. P.} and Viana, {P. T.P.} and S. Allam and O. Alves and D. Bacon and E. Bertin and S. Bocquet and D. Brooks and Burke, {D. L.} and Kind, {M. Carrasco} and J. Carretero and M. Costanzi and {da Costa}, {L. N.} and Pereira, {M. E.S.} and {De Vicente}, J. and S. Desai and Diehl, {H. T.} and Dietrich, {J. P.} and S. Everett and I. Ferrero and J. Frieman and J. Garc{\'i}a-Bellido and Gerdes, {D. W.} and G. Gutierrez and Hinton, {S. R.} and K. Honscheid and James, {D. J.} and K. Kuehn and N. Kuropatkin and M. Lima and Marshall, {J. L.} and J. Mena-Fern{\'a}ndez and F. Menanteau and R. Miquel and Mohr, {J. J.} and Ogando, {R. L.C.} and A. Pieres and M. Raveri and M. Rodriguez-Monroy and E. Sanchez and V. Scarpine and I. Sevilla-Noarbe and M. Smith and E. Suchyta and Swanson, {M. E.C.} and G. Tarle and C. To and N. Weaverdyck and J. Weller and P. Wiseman",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.",

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Upsdell, EW, Giles, PA, Romer, AK, Wilkinson, R, Turner, DJ, Hilton, M, Rykoff, E, Farahi, A, Bhargava, S, Jeltema, T, Klein, M, Bermeo, A, Collins, CA, Ebrahimpour, L, Hollowood, D, Mann, RG, Manolopoulou, M, Miller, CJ, Rooney, PJ, Sahlén, M, Stott, JP, Viana, PTP, Allam, S, Alves, O, Bacon, D, Bertin, E, Bocquet, S, Brooks, D, Burke, DL, Kind, MC, Carretero, J, Costanzi, M, da Costa, LN, Pereira, MES, De Vicente, J, Desai, S, Diehl, HT, Dietrich, JP, Everett, S, Ferrero, I, Frieman, J, García-Bellido, J, Gerdes, DW, Gutierrez, G, Hinton, SR, Honscheid, K, James, DJ, Kuehn, K, Kuropatkin, N, Lima, M, Marshall, JL, Mena-Fernández, J, Menanteau, F, Miquel, R, Mohr, JJ, Ogando, RLC, Pieres, A, Raveri, M, Rodriguez-Monroy, M, Sanchez, E, Scarpine, V, Sevilla-Noarbe, I, Smith, M, Suchyta, E, Swanson, MEC, Tarle, G, To, C, Weaverdyck, N, Weller, J & Wiseman, P 2023, 'The XMM cluster survey: exploring scaling relations and completeness of the dark energy survey year 3 redMaPPer cluster catalogue', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 522, no. 4, pp. 5267-5290. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1220

TY - JOUR

T1 - The XMM cluster survey

T2 - exploring scaling relations and completeness of the dark energy survey year 3 redMaPPer cluster catalogue

AU - Upsdell, E. W.

AU - Giles, P. A.

AU - Romer, A. K.

AU - Wilkinson, R.

AU - Turner, D. J.

AU - Hilton, M.

AU - Rykoff, E.

AU - Farahi, A.

AU - Bhargava, S.

AU - Jeltema, T.

AU - Klein, M.

AU - Bermeo, A.

AU - Collins, C. A.

AU - Ebrahimpour, L.

AU - Hollowood, D.

AU - Mann, R. G.

AU - Manolopoulou, M.

AU - Miller, C. J.

AU - Rooney, P. J.

AU - Sahlén, Martin

AU - Stott, J. P.

AU - Viana, P. T.P.

AU - Allam, S.

AU - Alves, O.

AU - Bacon, D.

AU - Bertin, E.

AU - Bocquet, S.

AU - Brooks, D.

AU - Burke, D. L.

AU - Kind, M. Carrasco

AU - Carretero, J.

AU - Costanzi, M.

AU - da Costa, L. N.

AU - Pereira, M. E.S.

AU - De Vicente, J.

AU - Desai, S.

AU - Diehl, H. T.

AU - Dietrich, J. P.

AU - Everett, S.

AU - Ferrero, I.

AU - Frieman, J.

AU - García-Bellido, J.

AU - Gerdes, D. W.

AU - Gutierrez, G.

AU - Hinton, S. R.

AU - Honscheid, K.

AU - James, D. J.

AU - Kuehn, K.

AU - Kuropatkin, N.

AU - Lima, M.

AU - Marshall, J. L.

AU - Mena-Fernández, J.

AU - Menanteau, F.

AU - Miquel, R.

AU - Mohr, J. J.

AU - Ogando, R. L.C.

AU - Pieres, A.

AU - Raveri, M.

AU - Rodriguez-Monroy, M.

AU - Sanchez, E.

AU - Scarpine, V.

AU - Sevilla-Noarbe, I.

AU - Smith, M.

AU - Suchyta, E.

AU - Swanson, M. E.C.

AU - Tarle, G.

AU - To, C.

AU - Weaverdyck, N.

AU - Weller, J.

AU - Wiseman, P.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PY - 2023/7/1

Y1 - 2023/7/1

N2 - We cross-match and compare characteristics of galaxy clusters identified in observations from two sky surveys using two completely different techniques. One sample is optically selected from the analysis of 3 years of Dark Energy Survey observations using the redMaPPer cluster detection algorithm. The second is X-ray selected from XMM observations analysed by the XMM Cluster Survey. The samples comprise a total area of 57.4 deg2, bounded by the area of four contiguous XMM survey regions that overlap the DES footprint. We find that the X-ray-selected sample is fully matched with entries in the redMaPPer catalogue, above λ > 20 and within 0.1 X -TX ), luminosity-richness (LX -λ), and temperature-richness (TX -λ) scaling relations. We find that the fitted forms of the LX -TX relations are consistent between the two selection methods and also with other studies in the literature. However, we find tentative evidence for a steepening of the slope of the relation for low richness systems in the X-ray-selected sample. When considering the scaling of richness with X-ray properties, we again find consistency in the relations (i.e. LX -λ and TX -λ) between the optical and X-ray-selected samples. This is contrary to previous similar works that find a significant increase in the scatter of the luminosity scaling relation for X-ray-selected samples compared to optically selected samples.

AB - We cross-match and compare characteristics of galaxy clusters identified in observations from two sky surveys using two completely different techniques. One sample is optically selected from the analysis of 3 years of Dark Energy Survey observations using the redMaPPer cluster detection algorithm. The second is X-ray selected from XMM observations analysed by the XMM Cluster Survey. The samples comprise a total area of 57.4 deg2, bounded by the area of four contiguous XMM survey regions that overlap the DES footprint. We find that the X-ray-selected sample is fully matched with entries in the redMaPPer catalogue, above λ > 20 and within 0.1 X -TX ), luminosity-richness (LX -λ), and temperature-richness (TX -λ) scaling relations. We find that the fitted forms of the LX -TX relations are consistent between the two selection methods and also with other studies in the literature. However, we find tentative evidence for a steepening of the slope of the relation for low richness systems in the X-ray-selected sample. When considering the scaling of richness with X-ray properties, we again find consistency in the relations (i.e. LX -λ and TX -λ) between the optical and X-ray-selected samples. This is contrary to previous similar works that find a significant increase in the scatter of the luminosity scaling relation for X-ray-selected samples compared to optically selected samples.

KW - X-rays: galaxies: clusters

KW - galaxies: clusters: general

KW - galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium

KW - galaxies: groups: general

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85161676763&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stad1220

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stad1220

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85161676763

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 522

SP - 5267

EP - 5290

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 4

ER -

The XMM cluster survey: exploring scaling relations and completeness of the dark energy survey year 3 redMaPPer cluster catalogue

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