The present and future of QCD

P. Achenbach, D. Adhikari, A. Afanasev, F. Afzal, C. A. Aidala, A. Al-bataineh, D. K. Almaalol, M. Amaryan, D. Androić, W. R. Armstrong, M. Arratia, J. Arrington, A. Asaturyan, E. C. Aschenauer, H. Atac, H. Avakian, T. Averett, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, X. Bai, K. N. BarishN. Barnea, G. Basar, M. Battaglieri, A. A. Baty, I. Bautista, A. Bazilevsky, C. Beattie, S. C. Behera, V. Bellini, R. Bellwied, J. F. Benesch, F. Benmokhtar, C. A. Bernardes, J. C. Bernauer, H. Bhatt, S. Bhatta, M. Boer, T. J. Boettcher, S. A. Bogacz, H. J. Bossi, J. D. Brandenburg, E. J. Brash, R. A. Briceño, W. J. Briscoe, S. J. Brodsky, D. A. Brown, V. D. Burkert, H. Caines, I. A. Cali, A. Camsonne, D. S. Carman, J. Caylor, D. S. Cerci, S. Cerci, M. Chamizo Llatas, S. Chatterjee, J. P. Chen, Y. Chen, Y. C. Chen, Y. T. Chien, P. C. Chou, X. Chu, E. Chudakov, E. Cline, I. C. Cloët, P. L. Cole, M. E. Connors, M. Constantinou, W. Cosyn, S. Covrig Dusa, R. Cruz-Torres, U. D'Alesio, C. da Silva, Z. Davoudi, C. T. Dean, D. J. Dean, M. Demarteau, A. Deshpande, W. Detmold, A. Deur, B. R. Devkota, S. Dhital, M. Diefenthaler, S. Dobbs, M. Döring, X. Dong, R. Dotel, K. A. Dow, E. J. Downie, J. L. Drachenberg, A. Dumitru, J. C. Dunlop, R. Dupre, J. M. Durham, D. Dutta, R. G. Edwards, R. J. Ehlers, L. El Fassi, M. Elaasar, L. Elouadrhiri, M. Engelhardt, R. Ent, S. Esumi, O. Evdokimov, O. Eyser, C. Fanelli, R. Fatemi, I. P. Fernando, F. A. Flor, N. Fomin, A. D. Frawley, T. Frederico, R. J. Fries, C. Gal, B. R. Gamage, L. Gamberg, H. Gao, D. Gaskell, F. Geurts, Y. Ghandilyan, N. Ghimire, R. Gilman, C. Gleason, K. Gnanvo, R. W. Gothe, S. V. Greene, H. W. Grießhammer, S. K. Grossberndt, B. Grube, D. C. Hackett, T. J. Hague, H. Hakobyan, J. O. Hansen, Y. Hatta, M. Hattawy, L. B. Havener, O. Hen, W. Henry, D. W. Higinbotham, T. J. Hobbs, A. M. Hodges, T. Holmstrom, B. Hong, T. Horn, C. R. Howell, H. Z. Huang, M. Huang, S. Huang, G. M. Huber, C. E. Hyde, E. L. Isupov, P. M. Jacobs, J. Jalilian-Marian, A. Jentsch, H. Jheng, C. R. Ji, X. Ji, J. Jia, D. C. Jones, M. K. Jones, S. Joosten, N. Kalantarians, G. Kalicy, Z. B. Kang, J. M. Karthein, D. Keller, C. Keppel, V. Khachatryan, D. E. Kharzeev, H. Kim, M. Kim, Y. Kim, P. M. King, E. Kinney, S. R. Klein, H. S. Ko, V. Koch, M. Kohl, Y. V. Kovchegov, G. K. Krintiras, V. Kubarovsky, S. E. Kuhn, K. S. Kumar, T. Kutz, J. G. Lajoie, J. Lauret, I. Lavrukhin, D. Lawrence, J. H. Lee, K. Lee, S. Lee, Y. J. Lee, S. Li, W. Li, Xiaqing Li, Xuan Li, J. Liao, H. W. Lin, M. A. Lisa, K. F. Liu, M. X. Liu, T. Liu, S. Liuti, N. Liyanage, W. J. Llope, C. Loizides, R. Longo, W. Lorenzon, S. Lunkenheimer, X. Luo, R. Ma, B. McKinnon, D. G. Meekins, Y. Mehtar-Tani, W. Melnitchouk, A. Metz, C. A. Meyer, Z. E. Meziani, R. Michaels, J. K.L. Michel, R. G. Milner, H. Mkrtchyan, P. Mohanmurthy, B. Mohanty, V. I. Mokeev, D. H. Moon, I. A. Mooney, C. Morningstar, D. P. Morrison, B. Müller, S. Mukherjee, J. Mulligan, C. Munoz Camacho, J. A. Murillo Quijada, M. J. Murray, S. A. Nadeeshani, P. Nadel-Turonski, J. D. Nam, C. E. Nattrass, G. Nijs, J. Noronha, J. Noronha-Hostler, N. Novitzky, M. Nycz, F. I. Olness, J. D. Osborn, R. Pak, B. Pandey, M. Paolone, Z. Papandreou, J. F. Paquet, S. Park, K. D. Paschke, B. Pasquini, E. Pasyuk, T. Patel, A. Patton, C. Paudel, C. Peng, J. C. Peng, H. Pereira Da Costa, D. V. Perepelitsa, M. J. Peters, P. Petreczky, R. D. Pisarski, D. Pitonyak, M. A. Ploskon, M. Posik, J. Poudel, R. Pradhan, A. Prokudin, C. A. Pruneau, A. J.R. Puckett, P. Pujahari, J. Putschke, J. R. Pybus, J. W. Qiu, K. Rajagopal, C. Ratti, K. F. Read, R. Reed, D. G. Richards, C. Riedl, F. Ringer, T. Rinn, J. Rittenhouse West, J. Roche, A. Rodas, G. Roland, F. Romero-López, P. Rossi, T. Rostomyan, L. Ruan, O. M. Ruimi, N. R. Saha, N. R. Sahoo, T. Sakaguchi, F. Salazar, C. W. Salgado, G. Salmè, S. Salur, S. N. Santiesteban, M. M. Sargsian, M. Sarsour, N. Sato, T. Satogata, S. Sawada, T. Schäfer, B. Scheihing-Hitschfeld, B. Schenke, S. T. Schindler, A. Schmidt, R. Seidl, M. H. Shabestari, P. E. Shanahan, C. Shen, T. A. Sheng, M. R. Shepherd, A. M. Sickles, M. D. Sievert, K. L. Smith, Y. Song, A. Sorensen, P. A. Souder, N. Sparveris, S. Srednyak, A. G. Stahl Leiton, A. M. Stasto, P. Steinberg, S. Stepanyan, M. Stephanov, J. R. Stevens, D. J. Stewart, I. W. Stewart, M. Stojanovic, I. Strakovsky, S. Strauch, M. Strickland, D. Sunar Cerci, M. Suresh, B. Surrow, S. Syritsyn, A. P. Szczepaniak, A. S. Tadepalli, A. H. Tang, J. D. Tapia Takaki, T. J. Tarnowsky, A. N. Tawfik, M. I. Taylor, C. Tennant, A. Thiel, D. Thomas, Y. Tian, A. R. Timmins, P. Tribedy, Z. Tu, S. Tuo, T. Ullrich, E. Umaka, D. W. Upton, J. P. Vary, J. Velkovska, R. Venugopalan, A. Vijayakumar, I. Vitev, W. Vogelsang, R. Vogt, A. Vossen, E. Voutier, V. Vovchenko, A. Walker-Loud, F. Wang, J. Wang, X. Wang, X. N. Wang, L. B. Weinstein, T. J. Wenaus, S. Weyhmiller, S. W. Wissink, B. Wojtsekhowski, C. P. Wong, M. H. Wood, Y. Wunderlich, B. Wyslouch, B. W. Xiao, W. Xie, W. Xiong, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Z. Xu, D. Yaari, X. Yao, Z. Ye, Z. H. Ye, C. Yero, F. Yuan, W. A. Zajc, C. Zhang, J. Zhang, F. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Z. W. Zhao, X. Zheng, J. Zhou, M. Zurek

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

15 Scopus citations

Abstract

This White Paper presents an overview of the current status and future perspective of QCD research, based on the community inputs and scientific conclusions from the 2022 Hot and Cold QCD Town Meeting. We present the progress made in the last decade toward a deep understanding of both the fundamental structure of the sub-atomic matter of nucleon and nucleus in cold QCD, and the hot QCD matter in heavy ion collisions. We identify key questions of QCD research and plausible paths to obtaining answers to those questions in the near future, hence defining priorities of our research over the coming decades.

Original languageEnglish
Article number122874
JournalNuclear Physics A
Volume1047
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 2024

Funding

This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract numbers DE-SC0002145, DE-SC0002307, DE-SC0004286, DE-SC0005131, DE-SC0010129, DE-SC0011088, DE-SC0011090, DE-SC0012704, DE-SC0012910, DE-SC0013065, DE-SC0013391, DE-SC0013393, DE-SC0013405, DE-SC0013470, DE-SC0013620, DE-SC0013941, DE-SC0014434, DE-SC0015393, DE-SC0016286, DE-SC0016577, DE-SC001658?, DE-SC004168, DE-SC0016581, DE-SC0016583, DE-SC0018224, DE-SC0019230-0004, DE-SC0019768, DE-SC0020240, DE-SC0020265, DE-SC0020271 DE-SC0020365, DE-SC0020405, DE-SC0020633, DE-SC0020651, DE-SC0020970, DE-SC0021006, DE-SC0021035, DE-SC0021143, DE-SC0021200, DE-SC0021301, DE-SC0021969, DE-SC0022023, DE-SC0022324, DE-SC0023199, DE-SC0023495 (SciDAC/NUCLEI), DE-SC0023692, DE-SC0023707 (NuHaQ) DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-AC02-76SF00515, DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-AC05-06OR23177, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-FG02-00ER41132, DE-FG02-01ER41195, DE-FG02-03ER41260, DE-FG02-07ER41460, DE-FG02-03ER41231, DE-FG02-03ER41240, DE-FG02-03ER41244, DE-FG02-07ER41521, DE-FG02-07ER41522, DE-FG02-07ER41528, DE-FG02-10ER41719, DE-FG02-84ER40146, DE-FG02-86ER40281, DE-FG02-87ER40315, DE-FG02-87ER40331, DE-FG02-87ER40371, DE-FG02-88ER40424, DE-FG02-89ER40531, DE-FG05-92ER40712, DE-FG02-92ER40713, DE-FG02-94ER40865, DE-FG02-96ER40965, DE-FG02-96ER40950, DE-FG02-96ER40960, DE-FG02-96ER40981, DE-FG02-96ER41003, DE-FG02-97ER41033, DE-FG88-ER41450, DE-FG02-07ER4152, DOE Contract No. 89233218CNA000001, DE-SC0023646 Award under the umbrella of the Quark-Gluon Tomography (QGT) Topical Collaboration, the Saturated Glue (SURGE) Topical Theory Collaboration, the Heavy-Flavor Theory (HEFTY) for QCD Matter Topical Collaboration, and the Coordinated Theoretical Approach for Exotic Hadron Spectroscopy (ExoHad) Collaboration; by the National Science Foundation, grant numbers PACI-1550172, PHY-1654219, PHY-1653405, PHY-1812402, PHY-1847893, PHY-1848162, PHY-1945296, PHY-1945471, PHY-2004571, PHY-2011763, PHY-2012114, PHY-2012289, PHY-2012413, PHY-2012430, PHY-2012926, PHY-2012940, PHY-2013002, PHY-2013115, PHY-2110229, PHY-2110472, PHY-2111046, PHY-2111063, PHY-2111442, PHY-2111568, PHY-2012826, PHY-2113436, PHY-2116686, PHY-2137604, PHY-2138063, PHY-2138010, PHY-2208724, PHY-2209167, PHY-2209183, PHY-2209199, PHY 2209348, PHY-2209424, PHY-2143149, PHY-1945471, NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Award Number DGE-1752134, NSF Quantum Leap Challenge Institute for Robust Quantum Simulation under grant OMA-2120757, NSF within the framework of the MUSES collaboration, under grant number OAC2103680; by the DOE's Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research, and the Inter-American Network of Networks of QCD Challenges, a National Science Foundation AccelNet project; by the UC Southern California Hub, with funding from the UC National Laboratories division of the University of California Office of the President; by RHIC Physics Fellow Program of the RIKEN BNL Research Center; by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Programs at LANL and BNL (LDRD 21-045S NPP); by the Simons Foundation Investigator grant 327942; by the Pazy Foundation; by the Research Corporation for Science Advancement through the Cottrell Scholar Award; by European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement STRONG \u2013 2020 - No 824093; by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 12122505, 12050410235, 12275148r, 12175117 and 11890711), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grants No. 2022YFA1604900, 2020YFE0202002 and 2018YFE0205201); INFN \u2013 Italy; Turkish Energy; Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency (TENMAK); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) SAPIN-2021-00026; Science Committee of Republic of Armenia research project 21AG-1C028; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France; Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID); Department of Atomic Energy and Department of Science and Technology, Government of India; Egyptian Center for Theoretical Physics (ECTP) and World Laboratory for Cosmology And Particle Physics (WLCAPP); Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT), Mexico; and National Research Foundation of Korea (No. 2018R1A5A1025563). We would like to thank the Laboratory for Nuclear Science (LNS) and the Physics Department of MIT for hosting the QCD Town Meeting. We would like to thank LNS staff: Alisa Cabral, Anna Maria Convertino, Iling Hong, Elsye Luc, Laura Pingcuoluomu, Lauren Saragosa, Caitlin Sulham, and Lily Xu for their support. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract numbers DE-SC0002145, DE-SC0002307, DE-SC0004286, DE-SC0005131, DE-SC0010129, DE-SC0011088, DE-SC0011090, DE-SC0012704, DE-SC0012910, DE-SC0013065, DE-SC0013391, DE-SC0013393, DE-SC0013405, DE-SC0013470, DE-SC0013620, DE-SC0013941, DE-SC0014434, DE-SC0015393, DE-SC0016286, DE-SC0016577, DE-SC001658, DE-SC004168, DE-SC0016581, DE-SC0016583, DE-SC0018224, DE-SC0019230-0004, DE-SC0019768, DE-SC0020240, DE-SC0020265, DE-SC0020271 DE-SC0020365, DE-SC0020405, DE-SC0020633, DE-SC0020651, DE-SC0020970, DE-SC0021006, DE-SC0021035, DE-SC0021143, DE-SC0021200, DE-SC0021301, DE-SC0021969, DE-SC0022023, DE-SC0022324, DE-SC0023199, DE-SC0023495 (SciDAC/NUCLEI), DE-SC0023692, DE-SC0023707 (NuHaQ), DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-AC02-76SF00515, DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-AC05-06OR23177, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-FG02-00ER41132, DE-FG02-01ER41195, DE-FG02-03ER41260, DE-FG02-07ER41460, DE-FG02-03ER41231, DE-FG02-03ER41240, DE-FG02-03ER41244, DE-FG02-07ER41521, DE-FG02-07ER41522, DE-FG02-07ER41528, DE-FG02-10ER41719, DE-FG02-84ER40146, DE-FG02-86ER40281, DE-FG02-87ER40315, DE-FG02-87ER40331, DE-FG02-87ER40371, DE-FG02-88ER40424, DE-FG02-89ER40531, DE-FG05-92ER40712, DE-FG02-92ER40713, DE-FG02-94ER40865, DE-FG02-96ER40965, DE-FG02-96ER40950, DE-FG02-96ER40960, DE-FG02-96ER40981, DE-FG02-96ER41003, DE-FG02-97ER41033, DE-FG88-ER41450, DE-FG02-07ER4152, DOE Contract No. 89233218CNA000001, DE-SC0023646 Award under the umbrella of the Quark-Gluon Tomography (QGT) Topical Collaboration, the Saturated Glue (SURGE) Topical Theory Collaboration, the Heavy-Flavor Theory (HEFTY) for QCD Matter Topical Collaboration, and the Coordinated Theoretical Approach for Exotic Hadron Spectroscopy (ExoHad) Collaboration; by the National Science Foundation, grant numbers PACI-1550172, PHY-1654219, PHY-1653405, PHY-1812402, PHY-1847893, PHY-1848162, PHY-1945296, PHY-1945471, PHY-2004571, PHY-2011763, PHY-2012114, PHY-2012289, PHY-2012413, PHY-2012430, PHY-2012926, PHY-2012940, PHY-2013002, PHY-2013115, PHY-2110229, PHY-2110472, PHY-2111046, PHY-2111063, PHY-2111442, PHY-2111568, PHY-2012826, PHY-2113436, PHY-2116686, PHY-2137604, PHY-2138063, PHY-2138010, PHY-2208724, PHY-2209167, PHY-2209183, PHY-2209199, PHY 2209348, PHY-2209424, PHY-2143149, PHY-1945471, NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Award Number DGE-1752134, NSF Quantum Leap Challenge Institute for Robust Quantum Simulation under grant OMA-2120757, NSF within the framework of the MUSES collaboration, under grant number OAC2103680; by the DOE's Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research, and the Inter-American Network of Networks of QCD Challenges, a National Science Foundation AccelNet project; by the UC Southern California Hub, with funding from the UC National Laboratories division of the University of California Office of the President; by RHIC Physics Fellow Program of the RIKEN BNL Research Center; by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Programs at LANL and BNL (LDRD 21-045S NPP); by the Simons Foundation Investigator grant 327942; by the PAZY Foundation; by the Research Corporation for Science Advancement through the Cottrell Scholar Award; by European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement STRONG \u2013 2020 - No 824093; by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 12122505, 12050410235, 12275148r, 12175117 and 11890711), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grants No. 2022YFA1604900, 2020YFE0202002 and 2018YFE0205201); INFN \u2013 Italy; Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency (TENMAK); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) SAPIN-2021-00026; Science Committee of Republic of Armenia research project 21AG-1C028; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France; Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID); Department of Atomic Energy and Department of Science and Technology, Government of India; Egyptian Center for Theoretical Physics (ECTP) and World Laboratory for Cosmology And Particle Physics (WLCAPP); Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00EDa (CONACYT), Mexico; and National Research Foundation of Korea (No. 2018R1A5A1025563).

FundersFunder number
Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
RHIC
UC Southern California Hub
Department of Atomic Energy and Department of Science and Technology, Government of India
Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Research Corporation for Science Advancement
Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu
Egyptian Center for Theoretical Physics
Turkish Energy
PAZY Foundation
University of California
UC National Laboratories
Office of Science
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
National Natural Science Foundation of China12175117, 12050410235, 12122505, 11890711
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Science Committee of Republic of Armenia21AG-1C028
National Science FoundationPHY-2012114, PHY-2138010, PHY-2012413, PHY-2011763, PHY-2208724, PHY-2116686, PHY-2143149, PHY-2012430, PHY-2013002, PHY-1945296, PHY-2111568, OAC2103680, PHY-1654219, PHY-1945471, PHY-1653405, PHY-2209167, DGE-1752134, PHY 2209348, PHY-2110472, OMA-2120757, PHY-2111046, PHY-2111442, PACI-1550172, PHY-2209183, PHY-2111063, PHY-1848162, PHY-2013115, PHY-2138063, PHY-2012289, PHY-2012940, PHY-2209424, PHY-1847893, PHY-1812402, PHY-2110229, PHY-2209199, PHY-2113436, PHY-2137604, PHY-2012826, PHY-2012926, PHY-2004571
National Science Foundation
U.S. Department of Energy89233218CNA000001
U.S. Department of Energy
National Key Research and Development Program of China2022YFA1604900, 2018YFE0205201, 2020YFE0202002
National Key Research and Development Program of China
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaSAPIN-2021-00026
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Simons Foundation327942
Simons Foundation
Laboratory Directed ResearchLDRD 21-045S NPP
Nuclear PhysicsDE-FG88-ER41450, DE-SC0013405, DE-SC0012910, DE-FG02-03ER41231, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-SC0021035, DE-SC0020265, DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-FG02-87ER40315, DE-SC0023692, DE-SC0023495, DE-AC05-06OR23177, DE-SC0022324, DE-FG02-86ER40281, DE-FG02-07ER41521, DE-SC0005131, DE-FG02-07ER41522, DE-FG02-03ER41240, DE-SC0010129, DE-FG02-96ER40981, DE-FG02-03ER41244, DE-SC0012704, DE-FG02-07ER41528, DE-FG05-92ER40712, DE-SC0021200, DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-SC0011090, DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-SC0016583, DE-SC0013391, DE-SC0013470, DE-SC0016581, DE-SC0013393, DE-SC0002307, DE-SC0020633, DE-SC0004286, DE-SC0020271 DE-SC0020365, DE-SC0021006, DE-FG02-94ER40865, DE-SC0002145, DE-FG02-87ER40371, DE-SC0013941, DE-FG02-89ER40531, DE-SC0019230-0004, DE-FG02-96ER41003, DE-SC0021969, DE-SC0013065, DE-SC0023707, DE-SC0019768, DE-SC0014434, DE-SC0011088, DE-FG02-87ER40331, DE-FG02-07ER4152, DE-AC02-76SF00515, DE-SC0016577, DE-SC0013620, DE-SC0020240, DE-SC0022023, DE-SC0023199, DE-SC0020405, DE-FG02-10ER41719, DE-FG02-96ER40950, DE-FG02-07ER41460, DE-SC001658, DE-FG02-92ER40713, DE-FG02-03ER41260, DE-SC004168, DE-FG02-96ER40960, DE-FG02-97ER41033, DE-FG02-88ER40424, DE-SC0018224, DE-SC0021143, DE-FG02-84ER40146, DE-SC0016286, DE-FG02-00ER41132, DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-SC0015393, DE-FG02-01ER41195, DE-SC0020970, DE-SC0020651, DE-SC0021301, DE-FG02-96ER40965
Nuclear Physics
Horizon 2020824093
Horizon 2020
National Research Foundation of Korea2018R1A5A1025563
National Research Foundation of Korea

    Keywords

    • Hadron physics
    • Heavy ion collisions
    • QCD

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