The PRad windowless gas flow target

J. Pierce; J. Brock; C. Carlin; C. Keith; J. Maxwell; D. Meekins; X. Bai; A. Deur; D. Dutta; H. Gao; A. Gasparian; K. Gnanvo; C. Gu; D. Higinbotham; M. Khandaker; N. Liyanage; M. Meziane; E. Pasyuk; C. Peng; V. Punjabi; W. Xiong; X. Yan; L. Ye; Y. Zhang

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2021.165300

The PRad windowless gas flow target

J. Pierce, J. Brock, C. Carlin, C. Keith, J. Maxwell, D. Meekins, X. Bai, A. Deur, D. Dutta, H. Gao, A. Gasparian, K. Gnanvo, C. Gu, D. Higinbotham, M. Khandaker, N. Liyanage, M. Meziane, E. Pasyuk, C. Peng, V. PunjabiW. Xiong, X. Yan, L. Ye, Y. Zhang

Neutron Optics & Polarization

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3 Scopus citations

Abstract

We report on a windowless, high-density, gas-flow target at Jefferson Lab that was used to measure r_p, the root-mean-square charge radius of the proton. The target achieved its design goal of an areal density of 2 × 10¹⁸ atoms/cm², with the gas uniformly distributed over the 4 cm length of the cell and less than 1% residual gas outside the cell. This design eliminated scattering from the end caps of the target cell, a problem endemic to previous measurements of the proton charge radius in electron scattering experiments, and permitted a precise, model-independent extraction of r_p by reaching unprecedentedly low values of Q², the square of the electron's transfer of four-momentum to the proton.

Original language	English
Article number	165300
Journal	Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Volume	1003
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2021.165300
State	Published - Jul 1 2021

Funding

This work was funded in part by the US National Science Foundation (NSF MRI PHY-1229153) and by the US Department of Energy (contract number DE-FG02-03ER41231), including contract number DE-AC05-06OR23177, under which Jefferson Science Associates, LLC operates the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. We thank the staff of Jefferson Laboratory, in particular the Jefferson Lab Target Group, for their support throughout the experiment. We are also grateful to all grant agencies for providing funding support to the authors throughout this project.

Keywords

Gas target
Hydrogen target
Proton charge radius

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10.1016/j.nima.2021.165300

Cite this

Pierce, J., Brock, J., Carlin, C., Keith, C., Maxwell, J., Meekins, D., Bai, X., Deur, A., Dutta, D., Gao, H., Gasparian, A., Gnanvo, K., Gu, C., Higinbotham, D., Khandaker, M., Liyanage, N., Meziane, M., Pasyuk, E., Peng, C., ... Zhang, Y. (2021). The PRad windowless gas flow target. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1003, Article 165300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2021.165300

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abstract = "We report on a windowless, high-density, gas-flow target at Jefferson Lab that was used to measure rp, the root-mean-square charge radius of the proton. The target achieved its design goal of an areal density of 2 × 1018 atoms/cm2, with the gas uniformly distributed over the 4 cm length of the cell and less than 1% residual gas outside the cell. This design eliminated scattering from the end caps of the target cell, a problem endemic to previous measurements of the proton charge radius in electron scattering experiments, and permitted a precise, model-independent extraction of rp by reaching unprecedentedly low values of Q2, the square of the electron's transfer of four-momentum to the proton.",

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Pierce, J, Brock, J, Carlin, C, Keith, C, Maxwell, J, Meekins, D, Bai, X, Deur, A, Dutta, D, Gao, H, Gasparian, A, Gnanvo, K, Gu, C, Higinbotham, D, Khandaker, M, Liyanage, N, Meziane, M, Pasyuk, E, Peng, C, Punjabi, V, Xiong, W, Yan, X, Ye, L & Zhang, Y 2021, 'The PRad windowless gas flow target', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 1003, 165300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2021.165300

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T1 - The PRad windowless gas flow target

AU - Pierce, J.

AU - Brock, J.

AU - Carlin, C.

AU - Keith, C.

AU - Maxwell, J.

AU - Meekins, D.

AU - Bai, X.

AU - Deur, A.

AU - Dutta, D.

AU - Gao, H.

AU - Gasparian, A.

AU - Gnanvo, K.

AU - Gu, C.

AU - Higinbotham, D.

AU - Khandaker, M.

AU - Liyanage, N.

AU - Meziane, M.

AU - Pasyuk, E.

AU - Peng, C.

AU - Punjabi, V.

AU - Xiong, W.

AU - Yan, X.

AU - Ye, L.

AU - Zhang, Y.

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AB - We report on a windowless, high-density, gas-flow target at Jefferson Lab that was used to measure rp, the root-mean-square charge radius of the proton. The target achieved its design goal of an areal density of 2 × 1018 atoms/cm2, with the gas uniformly distributed over the 4 cm length of the cell and less than 1% residual gas outside the cell. This design eliminated scattering from the end caps of the target cell, a problem endemic to previous measurements of the proton charge radius in electron scattering experiments, and permitted a precise, model-independent extraction of rp by reaching unprecedentedly low values of Q2, the square of the electron's transfer of four-momentum to the proton.

KW - Gas target

KW - Hydrogen target

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M1 - 165300

ER -

The PRad windowless gas flow target

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