The nicotinamide cofactors: Applications in biotechnology

The applications for NAD(P)⁺-dependent oxidoreductases are constantly being expanded. For a process to be economically viable, the regeneration and retention of the coenzyme in a continuous reaction system are very important. This article deals with the strategies that have been employed for the regeneration and retention of NAD(P)(H) in such systems. The utilization of NAD(P)⁺-dependent dehydrogenases in biotechnological processes is also discussed. Although enzymatic cofactor regeneration procedures have traditionally proved most effective the development of alternative methods, such as electroenzymatic techniques and the use of chemical redox mediators, demands consideration.