Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) (Bunyavirales: Phlebovirus) is a prominent vector-borne zoonotic disease threat to global agriculture and public health. Risks of introduction into nonendemic regions are tied to changing climate regimes and other dynamic environmental factors that are becoming more prevalent, as well as virus evolutionary factors and human/animal movement. Endemic to the African continent, RVFV has caused large epizootics at the decadal scale since the early 20th century but has spread to the Arabian Peninsula and shows increasing patterns of interepizootic transmission on the annual scale.This virus can be transmitted by mosquitoes as well as through direct contact with infected tissues and can cause sporadic to widespread morbidity and mortality in domestic ungulate livestock as well as humans. High viremias in infected livestock moved for legal and illegal trade as well as in infected mosquitoes or human travelers can spread this virus worldwide. With increasing global commerce, it is likely RVFV will be introduced to new areas with suitable hosts, mosquito vector species, and environments. However, the strong mosquito component of RVFV epidemiology combined with advancements in vaccines, diagnostics, and virus evolutionary factors create opportunities for strategies to leverage models of connectivity among potential source and emerging regions to target surveillance and mitigation activities to reduce the risk of RVFV introduction, or contain the virus should it be introduced, into new regions.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1197-1213 |
| Number of pages | 17 |
| Journal | Journal of Medical Entomology |
| Volume | 60 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Nov 1 2023 |
Funding
Findings in this Forum report have benefited from funding from Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division (AFHSD) – Global Emerging Infections Surveillance (GEIS) Branch and USDA Agricultural Research Service from 1999 to 2018 for the Rift Valley Fever Monitor. Additional findings have resulted from Understanding Rift Valley Fever in the Republic of South Africa project, Defense Threat Reduction Agency – Biological Threat Reduction Program (DTRA-BTRP) – Thrust Area 6, CC WMD (HDTRA-14-1-0029). We would like to acknowledge Jennifer Small and Richard Damoah (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) in providing background data used in preparation of some figures. HT and AA participation on this forum research was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy. We would like to thank Amy Runde and Desiree Keeney (AMCA S&T GIS Subcommittee) for kindly providing access to the Mosquito Control in the US map. Finally, we thank 2 anonymous reviewers for insight and suggestions that improved the manuscript. Findings in this Forum report have benefited from funding from Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division (AFHSD) – Global Emerging Infections Surveillance (GEIS) Branch and USDA Agricultural Research Service from 1999 to 2018 for the Rift Valley Fever Monitor. Additional findings have resulted from Understanding Rift Valley Fever in the Republic of South Africa project, Defense Threat Reduction Agency – Biological Threat Reduction Program (DTRA-BTRP) – Thrust Area 6, CC WMD (HDTRA-14-1-0029). We would like to acknowledge Jennifer Small and Richard Damoah (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) in providing background data used in preparation of some figures. HT and AA participation on this forum research was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy. We would like to thank Amy Runde and Desiree Keeney (AMCA S&T GIS Subcommittee) for kindly providing access to the Mosquito Control in the US map. Finally, we thank 2 anonymous reviewers for insight and suggestions that improved the manuscript.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division | |
| Biological Threat Reduction Program | |
| DTRA-BTRP | HDTRA-14-1-0029 |
| U.S. Department of Energy | |
| National Aeronautics and Space Administration | |
| U.S. Department of Agriculture | |
| Defense Threat Reduction Agency | |
| Oak Ridge National Laboratory |
Keywords
- Arbovirus transmission
- climate change
- control
- detection
- monitoring
