Abstract
Demand response is a growing concept in light of the internet of things and an increasing need for grid flexibility. Water heaters are one of the preferred devices for providing demand response for grid services and peak management due to their capability to store energy. The efficient use of water heaters for demand response requires consideration of the associated load effects such as synchronization of device schedules and rebound effect. These effects present a significant challenge. Despite the importance of the mentioned effects for water heater queuing and scheduling, there has been no effort to quantify and empirically validate their impact. This study attempts to address this gap by offering two methods - Ward clustering and Euclidean K-means - to evaluate the extent of synchronization in a fleet of 42 water heaters in Atlanta, GA. Using the aforementioned methods on the measured data, we find evidence of convergence of water heater loads as a result of optimization compared to an idle period and analyzed their impact.
| Original language | English |
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| Title of host publication | 2023 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America, ISGT-LA 2023 |
| Publisher | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. |
| Pages | 460-464 |
| Number of pages | 5 |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9798350336962 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 2023 |
| Event | 2023 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America, ISGT-LA 2023 - San Juan, United States Duration: Nov 6 2023 → Nov 9 2023 |
Publication series
| Name | 2023 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America, ISGT-LA 2023 |
|---|
Conference
| Conference | 2023 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America, ISGT-LA 2023 |
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| Country/Territory | United States |
| City | San Juan |
| Period | 11/6/23 → 11/9/23 |
Funding
This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan). ACKNOWLEDGMENT This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Buildings Technologies Office, under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725.
Keywords
- Demand response
- direct load control
- peak shifting
- rebound effect
- smart grid
- synchronization
- water heater
