The effects of chromium and titanium gettering on the operation of the Advanced Toroidal Facility

R. C. Isler; G. L. Bell; T. S. Bigelow; E. C. Crume; A. C. England; J. C. Glowienka; L. D. Horton; T. C. Jernigan; R. A. Langley; P. K. Mioduszewski; M. Murakami; D. A. Rasmussen; I. E. Simpkins; J. B. Wilgen; W. R. Wing

doi:10.1016/0022-3115(90)90068-X

The effects of chromium and titanium gettering on the operation of the Advanced Toroidal Facility

R. C. Isler, G. L. Bell, T. S. Bigelow, E. C. Crume, A. C. England, J. C. Glowienka, L. D. Horton, T. C. Jernigan, R. A. Langley, P. K. Mioduszewski, M. Murakami, D. A. Rasmussen, I. E. Simpkins, J. B. Wilgen, W. R. Wing

Fusion Technology

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Abstract

Plasmas in the Advanced Toroidal Facility (ATF), an l = 2 torsatron with 12 field periods, are produced by 200-400 kW of electron cyclotron heating (ECH) and up to 1.5 MW of neutral-beam injection (NBI). The characteristics of the plasmas are sensitive to the type of wall conditioning employed. A progression of techniques, beginning with glow discharge cleaning and baking and evolving to gettering with chromium and titanium, has significantly reduced the low-Z impurity content, lowered the fraction of radiated power, and permitted improved control over the electron density. As a result, plasma-parameters and machine performance have been enhanced significantly. The maximum values achieved for stored energy, line-averaged density, and confinement times are 28 kJ, 1.2 × 10²⁰ m^-3, and 25 ms. These parameters are comparable to those obtained in the ISX-B tokamak. In addition, with titanium gettering, quasisteady operation for 200 ms of neutral beam injection has been obtained without the collapses that characterized earlier periods of operation.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	332-336
Number of pages	5
Journal	Journal of Nuclear Materials
Volume	176-177
Issue number	C
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(90)90068-X
State	Published - Dec 3 1990

Funding

* Work sponsored by the Office of Fusion Energy, U.S. De-partment of Energy, under contract No. DE-ACOS-84OR21400 with Martin Marietta Energy Systems Inc.

Funders	Funder number
U.S. De-partment of Energy
Fusion for Energy

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Isler, R. C., Bell, G. L., Bigelow, T. S., Crume, E. C., England, A. C., Glowienka, J. C., Horton, L. D., Jernigan, T. C., Langley, R. A., Mioduszewski, P. K., Murakami, M., Rasmussen, D. A., Simpkins, I. E., Wilgen, J. B., & Wing, W. R. (1990). The effects of chromium and titanium gettering on the operation of the Advanced Toroidal Facility. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 176-177(C), 332-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(90)90068-X

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title = "The effects of chromium and titanium gettering on the operation of the Advanced Toroidal Facility",

abstract = "Plasmas in the Advanced Toroidal Facility (ATF), an l = 2 torsatron with 12 field periods, are produced by 200-400 kW of electron cyclotron heating (ECH) and up to 1.5 MW of neutral-beam injection (NBI). The characteristics of the plasmas are sensitive to the type of wall conditioning employed. A progression of techniques, beginning with glow discharge cleaning and baking and evolving to gettering with chromium and titanium, has significantly reduced the low-Z impurity content, lowered the fraction of radiated power, and permitted improved control over the electron density. As a result, plasma-parameters and machine performance have been enhanced significantly. The maximum values achieved for stored energy, line-averaged density, and confinement times are 28 kJ, 1.2 × 1020 m-3, and 25 ms. These parameters are comparable to those obtained in the ISX-B tokamak. In addition, with titanium gettering, quasisteady operation for 200 ms of neutral beam injection has been obtained without the collapses that characterized earlier periods of operation.",

author = "Isler, {R. C.} and Bell, {G. L.} and Bigelow, {T. S.} and Crume, {E. C.} and England, {A. C.} and Glowienka, {J. C.} and Horton, {L. D.} and Jernigan, {T. C.} and Langley, {R. A.} and Mioduszewski, {P. K.} and M. Murakami and Rasmussen, {D. A.} and Simpkins, {I. E.} and Wilgen, {J. B.} and Wing, {W. R.}",

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doi = "10.1016/0022-3115(90)90068-X",

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Isler, RC, Bell, GL, Bigelow, TS, Crume, EC, England, AC, Glowienka, JC, Horton, LD, Jernigan, TC, Langley, RA, Mioduszewski, PK, Murakami, M, Rasmussen, DA, Simpkins, IE, Wilgen, JB & Wing, WR 1990, 'The effects of chromium and titanium gettering on the operation of the Advanced Toroidal Facility', Journal of Nuclear Materials, vol. 176-177, no. C, pp. 332-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(90)90068-X

TY - JOUR

T1 - The effects of chromium and titanium gettering on the operation of the Advanced Toroidal Facility

AU - Isler, R. C.

AU - Bell, G. L.

AU - Bigelow, T. S.

AU - Crume, E. C.

AU - England, A. C.

AU - Glowienka, J. C.

AU - Horton, L. D.

AU - Jernigan, T. C.

AU - Langley, R. A.

AU - Mioduszewski, P. K.

AU - Murakami, M.

AU - Rasmussen, D. A.

AU - Simpkins, I. E.

AU - Wilgen, J. B.

AU - Wing, W. R.

PY - 1990/12/3

Y1 - 1990/12/3

N2 - Plasmas in the Advanced Toroidal Facility (ATF), an l = 2 torsatron with 12 field periods, are produced by 200-400 kW of electron cyclotron heating (ECH) and up to 1.5 MW of neutral-beam injection (NBI). The characteristics of the plasmas are sensitive to the type of wall conditioning employed. A progression of techniques, beginning with glow discharge cleaning and baking and evolving to gettering with chromium and titanium, has significantly reduced the low-Z impurity content, lowered the fraction of radiated power, and permitted improved control over the electron density. As a result, plasma-parameters and machine performance have been enhanced significantly. The maximum values achieved for stored energy, line-averaged density, and confinement times are 28 kJ, 1.2 × 1020 m-3, and 25 ms. These parameters are comparable to those obtained in the ISX-B tokamak. In addition, with titanium gettering, quasisteady operation for 200 ms of neutral beam injection has been obtained without the collapses that characterized earlier periods of operation.

AB - Plasmas in the Advanced Toroidal Facility (ATF), an l = 2 torsatron with 12 field periods, are produced by 200-400 kW of electron cyclotron heating (ECH) and up to 1.5 MW of neutral-beam injection (NBI). The characteristics of the plasmas are sensitive to the type of wall conditioning employed. A progression of techniques, beginning with glow discharge cleaning and baking and evolving to gettering with chromium and titanium, has significantly reduced the low-Z impurity content, lowered the fraction of radiated power, and permitted improved control over the electron density. As a result, plasma-parameters and machine performance have been enhanced significantly. The maximum values achieved for stored energy, line-averaged density, and confinement times are 28 kJ, 1.2 × 1020 m-3, and 25 ms. These parameters are comparable to those obtained in the ISX-B tokamak. In addition, with titanium gettering, quasisteady operation for 200 ms of neutral beam injection has been obtained without the collapses that characterized earlier periods of operation.

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EP - 336

JO - Journal of Nuclear Materials

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IS - C

ER -

The effects of chromium and titanium gettering on the operation of the Advanced Toroidal Facility

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