The DOE E3SM Model Version 2: Overview of the Physical Model and Initial Model Evaluation

Jean Christophe Golaz; Luke P. Van Roekel; Xue Zheng; Andrew F. Roberts; Jonathan D. Wolfe; Wuyin Lin; Andrew M. Bradley; Qi Tang; Mathew E. Maltrud; Ryan M. Forsyth; Chengzhu Zhang; Tian Zhou; Kai Zhang; Charles S. Zender; Mingxuan Wu; Hailong Wang; Adrian K. Turner; Balwinder Singh; Jadwiga H. Richter; Yi Qin; Mark R. Petersen; Azamat Mametjanov; Po Lun Ma; Vincent E. Larson; Jayesh Krishna; Noel D. Keen; Nicole Jeffery; Elizabeth C. Hunke; Walter M. Hannah; Oksana Guba; Brian M. Griffin; Yan Feng; Darren Engwirda; Alan V. Di Vittorio; Cheng Dang; Le Ann M. Conlon; Chih Chieh Jack Chen; Michael A. Brunke; Gautam Bisht; James J. Benedict; Xylar S. Asay-Davis; Yuying Zhang; Meng Zhang; Xubin Zeng; Shaocheng Xie; Phillip J. Wolfram; Tom Vo; Milena Veneziani; Teklu K. Tesfa; Sarat Sreepathi; Andrew G. Salinger; J. E.Jack Reeves Eyre; Michael J. Prather; Salil Mahajan; Qing Li; Philip W. Jones; Robert L. Jacob; Gunther W. Huebler; Xianglei Huang; Benjamin R. Hillman; Bryce E. Harrop; James G. Foucar; Yilin Fang; Darin S. Comeau; Peter M. Caldwell; Tony Bartoletti; Karthik Balaguru; Mark A. Taylor; Renata B. McCoy; L. Ruby Leung; David C. Bader

doi:10.1029/2022MS003156

The DOE E3SM Model Version 2: Overview of the Physical Model and Initial Model Evaluation

Jean Christophe Golaz, Luke P. Van Roekel, Xue Zheng, Andrew F. Roberts, Jonathan D. Wolfe, Wuyin Lin, Andrew M. Bradley, Qi Tang, Mathew E. Maltrud, Ryan M. Forsyth, Chengzhu Zhang, Tian Zhou, Kai Zhang, Charles S. Zender, Mingxuan Wu, Hailong Wang, Adrian K. Turner, Balwinder Singh, Jadwiga H. Richter, Yi QinMark R. Petersen, Azamat Mametjanov, Po Lun Ma, Vincent E. Larson, Jayesh Krishna, Noel D. Keen, Nicole Jeffery, Elizabeth C. Hunke, Walter M. Hannah, Oksana Guba, Brian M. Griffin, Yan Feng, Darren Engwirda, Alan V. Di Vittorio, Cheng Dang, Le Ann M. Conlon, Chih Chieh Jack Chen, Michael A. Brunke, Gautam Bisht, James J. Benedict, Xylar S. Asay-Davis, Yuying Zhang, Meng Zhang, Xubin Zeng, Shaocheng Xie, Phillip J. Wolfram, Tom Vo, Milena Veneziani, Teklu K. Tesfa, Sarat Sreepathi, Andrew G. Salinger, J. E.Jack Reeves Eyre, Michael J. Prather, Salil Mahajan, Qing Li, Philip W. Jones, Robert L. Jacob, Gunther W. Huebler, Xianglei Huang, Benjamin R. Hillman, Bryce E. Harrop, James G. Foucar, Yilin Fang, Darin S. Comeau, Peter M. Caldwell, Tony Bartoletti, Karthik Balaguru, Mark A. Taylor, Renata B. McCoy, L. Ruby Leung, David C. Bader

Computational Earth Sciences Group

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

91 Scopus citations

Abstract

This work documents version two of the Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). E3SMv2 is a significant evolution from its predecessor E3SMv1, resulting in a model that is nearly twice as fast and with a simulated climate that is improved in many metrics. We describe the physical climate model in its lower horizontal resolution configuration consisting of 110 km atmosphere, 165 km land, 0.5° river routing model, and an ocean and sea ice with mesh spacing varying between 60 km in the mid-latitudes and 30 km at the equator and poles. The model performance is evaluated with Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Characterization of Klima simulations augmented with historical simulations as well as simulations to evaluate impacts of different forcing agents. The simulated climate has many realistic features of the climate system, with notable improvements in clouds and precipitation compared to E3SMv1. E3SMv1 suffered from an excessively high equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of 5.3 K. In E3SMv2, ECS is reduced to 4.0 K which is now within the plausible range based on a recent World Climate Research Program assessment. However, a number of important biases remain including a weak Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, deficiencies in the characteristics and spectral distribution of tropical atmospheric variability, and a significant underestimation of the observed warming in the second half of the historical period. An analysis of single-forcing simulations indicates that correcting the historical temperature bias would require a substantial reduction in the magnitude of the aerosol-related forcing.

Original language	English
Article number	e2022MS003156
Journal	Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
Volume	14
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1029/2022MS003156
State	Published - Dec 2022

Funding

The authors are grateful to three anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions, which significantly improved the manuscript. This research was supported as part of the E3SM project, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research. E3SM production simulations were performed on a high-performance computing cluster provided by the BER ESM program and operated by the Laboratory Computing Resource Center at Argonne National Laboratory. Developmental simulations were also performed using BER ESM program's Compy computing cluster located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Additional developmental simulations, as well as post-processing and data archiving of production simulations used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work was partially supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is a major facility sponsored by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement 1852977. Portions of this study were supported by the Regional and Global Model Analysis (RGMA) component of the Earth and Environmental System Modeling Program of the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) via NSF Interagency Agreement 1844590. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC., a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA-0003525. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. This paper describes objective technical results and analysis. Any subjective views or opinions that might be expressed in the paper do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Energy or the United States Government. The authors are grateful to three anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions, which significantly improved the manuscript. This research was supported as part of the E3SM project, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research. E3SM production simulations were performed on a high‐performance computing cluster provided by the BER ESM program and operated by the Laboratory Computing Resource Center at Argonne National Laboratory. Developmental simulations were also performed using BER ESM program's Compy computing cluster located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Additional developmental simulations, as well as post‐processing and data archiving of production simulations used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE‐AC02‐05CH11231. This work was partially supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is a major facility sponsored by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement 1852977. Portions of this study were supported by the Regional and Global Model Analysis (RGMA) component of the Earth and Environmental System Modeling Program of the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) via NSF Interagency Agreement 1844590. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE‐AC52‐07NA27344. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC., a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE‐NA‐0003525. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE‐AC05‐76RL01830. This paper describes objective technical results and analysis. Any subjective views or opinions that might be expressed in the paper do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Energy or the United States Government.

Funders	Funder number
National Science Foundation	1844590, 1852977
U.S. Department of Energy
National Center for Atmospheric Research
Office of Science	DE‐AC02‐05CH11231
National Nuclear Security Administration	DE‐AC52‐07NA27344, DE‐NA‐0003525, DE‐AC05‐76RL01830
Biological and Environmental Research
Argonne National Laboratory
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Laboratory Computing Resource Center

Keywords

DOE E3SM
climate modeling

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1029/2022MS003156

Cite this

Golaz, J. C., Van Roekel, L. P., Zheng, X., Roberts, A. F., Wolfe, J. D., Lin, W., Bradley, A. M., Tang, Q., Maltrud, M. E., Forsyth, R. M., Zhang, C., Zhou, T., Zhang, K., Zender, C. S., Wu, M., Wang, H., Turner, A. K., Singh, B., Richter, J. H., ... Bader, D. C. (2022). The DOE E3SM Model Version 2: Overview of the Physical Model and Initial Model Evaluation. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 14(12), Article e2022MS003156. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022MS003156

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title = "The DOE E3SM Model Version 2: Overview of the Physical Model and Initial Model Evaluation",

abstract = "This work documents version two of the Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). E3SMv2 is a significant evolution from its predecessor E3SMv1, resulting in a model that is nearly twice as fast and with a simulated climate that is improved in many metrics. We describe the physical climate model in its lower horizontal resolution configuration consisting of 110 km atmosphere, 165 km land, 0.5° river routing model, and an ocean and sea ice with mesh spacing varying between 60 km in the mid-latitudes and 30 km at the equator and poles. The model performance is evaluated with Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Characterization of Klima simulations augmented with historical simulations as well as simulations to evaluate impacts of different forcing agents. The simulated climate has many realistic features of the climate system, with notable improvements in clouds and precipitation compared to E3SMv1. E3SMv1 suffered from an excessively high equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of 5.3 K. In E3SMv2, ECS is reduced to 4.0 K which is now within the plausible range based on a recent World Climate Research Program assessment. However, a number of important biases remain including a weak Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, deficiencies in the characteristics and spectral distribution of tropical atmospheric variability, and a significant underestimation of the observed warming in the second half of the historical period. An analysis of single-forcing simulations indicates that correcting the historical temperature bias would require a substantial reduction in the magnitude of the aerosol-related forcing.",

keywords = "DOE E3SM, climate modeling",

author = "Golaz, {Jean Christophe} and {Van Roekel}, {Luke P.} and Xue Zheng and Roberts, {Andrew F.} and Wolfe, {Jonathan D.} and Wuyin Lin and Bradley, {Andrew M.} and Qi Tang and Maltrud, {Mathew E.} and Forsyth, {Ryan M.} and Chengzhu Zhang and Tian Zhou and Kai Zhang and Zender, {Charles S.} and Mingxuan Wu and Hailong Wang and Turner, {Adrian K.} and Balwinder Singh and Richter, {Jadwiga H.} and Yi Qin and Petersen, {Mark R.} and Azamat Mametjanov and Ma, {Po Lun} and Larson, {Vincent E.} and Jayesh Krishna and Keen, {Noel D.} and Nicole Jeffery and Hunke, {Elizabeth C.} and Hannah, {Walter M.} and Oksana Guba and Griffin, {Brian M.} and Yan Feng and Darren Engwirda and {Di Vittorio}, {Alan V.} and Cheng Dang and Conlon, {Le Ann M.} and Chen, {Chih Chieh Jack} and Brunke, {Michael A.} and Gautam Bisht and Benedict, {James J.} and Asay-Davis, {Xylar S.} and Yuying Zhang and Meng Zhang and Xubin Zeng and Shaocheng Xie and Wolfram, {Phillip J.} and Tom Vo and Milena Veneziani and Tesfa, {Teklu K.} and Sarat Sreepathi and Salinger, {Andrew G.} and {Reeves Eyre}, {J. E.Jack} and Prather, {Michael J.} and Salil Mahajan and Qing Li and Jones, {Philip W.} and Jacob, {Robert L.} and Huebler, {Gunther W.} and Xianglei Huang and Hillman, {Benjamin R.} and Harrop, {Bryce E.} and Foucar, {James G.} and Yilin Fang and Comeau, {Darin S.} and Caldwell, {Peter M.} and Tony Bartoletti and Karthik Balaguru and Taylor, {Mark A.} and McCoy, {Renata B.} and Leung, {L. Ruby} and Bader, {David C.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Authors. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Geophysical Union.",

year = "2022",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1029/2022MS003156",

language = "English",

volume = "14",

journal = "Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems",

issn = "1942-2466",

publisher = "Wiley Open Access",

number = "12",

}

Golaz, JC, Van Roekel, LP, Zheng, X, Roberts, AF, Wolfe, JD, Lin, W, Bradley, AM, Tang, Q, Maltrud, ME, Forsyth, RM, Zhang, C, Zhou, T, Zhang, K, Zender, CS, Wu, M, Wang, H, Turner, AK, Singh, B, Richter, JH, Qin, Y, Petersen, MR, Mametjanov, A, Ma, PL, Larson, VE, Krishna, J, Keen, ND, Jeffery, N, Hunke, EC, Hannah, WM, Guba, O, Griffin, BM, Feng, Y, Engwirda, D, Di Vittorio, AV, Dang, C, Conlon, LAM, Chen, CCJ, Brunke, MA, Bisht, G, Benedict, JJ, Asay-Davis, XS, Zhang, Y, Zhang, M, Zeng, X, Xie, S, Wolfram, PJ, Vo, T, Veneziani, M, Tesfa, TK, Sreepathi, S, Salinger, AG, Reeves Eyre, JEJ, Prather, MJ, Mahajan, S, Li, Q, Jones, PW, Jacob, RL, Huebler, GW, Huang, X, Hillman, BR, Harrop, BE, Foucar, JG, Fang, Y, Comeau, DS, Caldwell, PM, Bartoletti, T, Balaguru, K, Taylor, MA, McCoy, RB, Leung, LR & Bader, DC 2022, 'The DOE E3SM Model Version 2: Overview of the Physical Model and Initial Model Evaluation', Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol. 14, no. 12, e2022MS003156. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022MS003156

TY - JOUR

T1 - The DOE E3SM Model Version 2

T2 - Overview of the Physical Model and Initial Model Evaluation

AU - Golaz, Jean Christophe

AU - Van Roekel, Luke P.

AU - Zheng, Xue

AU - Roberts, Andrew F.

AU - Wolfe, Jonathan D.

AU - Lin, Wuyin

AU - Bradley, Andrew M.

AU - Tang, Qi

AU - Maltrud, Mathew E.

AU - Forsyth, Ryan M.

AU - Zhang, Chengzhu

AU - Zhou, Tian

AU - Zhang, Kai

AU - Zender, Charles S.

AU - Wu, Mingxuan

AU - Wang, Hailong

AU - Turner, Adrian K.

AU - Singh, Balwinder

AU - Richter, Jadwiga H.

AU - Qin, Yi

AU - Petersen, Mark R.

AU - Mametjanov, Azamat

AU - Ma, Po Lun

AU - Larson, Vincent E.

AU - Krishna, Jayesh

AU - Keen, Noel D.

AU - Jeffery, Nicole

AU - Hunke, Elizabeth C.

AU - Hannah, Walter M.

AU - Guba, Oksana

AU - Griffin, Brian M.

AU - Feng, Yan

AU - Engwirda, Darren

AU - Di Vittorio, Alan V.

AU - Dang, Cheng

AU - Conlon, Le Ann M.

AU - Chen, Chih Chieh Jack

AU - Brunke, Michael A.

AU - Bisht, Gautam

AU - Benedict, James J.

AU - Asay-Davis, Xylar S.

AU - Zhang, Yuying

AU - Zhang, Meng

AU - Zeng, Xubin

AU - Xie, Shaocheng

AU - Wolfram, Phillip J.

AU - Vo, Tom

AU - Veneziani, Milena

AU - Tesfa, Teklu K.

AU - Sreepathi, Sarat

AU - Salinger, Andrew G.

AU - Reeves Eyre, J. E.Jack

AU - Prather, Michael J.

AU - Mahajan, Salil

AU - Li, Qing

AU - Jones, Philip W.

AU - Jacob, Robert L.

AU - Huebler, Gunther W.

AU - Huang, Xianglei

AU - Hillman, Benjamin R.

AU - Harrop, Bryce E.

AU - Foucar, James G.

AU - Fang, Yilin

AU - Comeau, Darin S.

AU - Caldwell, Peter M.

AU - Bartoletti, Tony

AU - Balaguru, Karthik

AU - Taylor, Mark A.

AU - McCoy, Renata B.

AU - Leung, L. Ruby

AU - Bader, David C.

PY - 2022/12

Y1 - 2022/12

N2 - This work documents version two of the Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). E3SMv2 is a significant evolution from its predecessor E3SMv1, resulting in a model that is nearly twice as fast and with a simulated climate that is improved in many metrics. We describe the physical climate model in its lower horizontal resolution configuration consisting of 110 km atmosphere, 165 km land, 0.5° river routing model, and an ocean and sea ice with mesh spacing varying between 60 km in the mid-latitudes and 30 km at the equator and poles. The model performance is evaluated with Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Characterization of Klima simulations augmented with historical simulations as well as simulations to evaluate impacts of different forcing agents. The simulated climate has many realistic features of the climate system, with notable improvements in clouds and precipitation compared to E3SMv1. E3SMv1 suffered from an excessively high equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of 5.3 K. In E3SMv2, ECS is reduced to 4.0 K which is now within the plausible range based on a recent World Climate Research Program assessment. However, a number of important biases remain including a weak Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, deficiencies in the characteristics and spectral distribution of tropical atmospheric variability, and a significant underestimation of the observed warming in the second half of the historical period. An analysis of single-forcing simulations indicates that correcting the historical temperature bias would require a substantial reduction in the magnitude of the aerosol-related forcing.

AB - This work documents version two of the Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). E3SMv2 is a significant evolution from its predecessor E3SMv1, resulting in a model that is nearly twice as fast and with a simulated climate that is improved in many metrics. We describe the physical climate model in its lower horizontal resolution configuration consisting of 110 km atmosphere, 165 km land, 0.5° river routing model, and an ocean and sea ice with mesh spacing varying between 60 km in the mid-latitudes and 30 km at the equator and poles. The model performance is evaluated with Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Characterization of Klima simulations augmented with historical simulations as well as simulations to evaluate impacts of different forcing agents. The simulated climate has many realistic features of the climate system, with notable improvements in clouds and precipitation compared to E3SMv1. E3SMv1 suffered from an excessively high equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of 5.3 K. In E3SMv2, ECS is reduced to 4.0 K which is now within the plausible range based on a recent World Climate Research Program assessment. However, a number of important biases remain including a weak Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, deficiencies in the characteristics and spectral distribution of tropical atmospheric variability, and a significant underestimation of the observed warming in the second half of the historical period. An analysis of single-forcing simulations indicates that correcting the historical temperature bias would require a substantial reduction in the magnitude of the aerosol-related forcing.

KW - DOE E3SM

KW - climate modeling

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85143131147&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1029/2022MS003156

DO - 10.1029/2022MS003156

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85143131147

SN - 1942-2466

VL - 14

JO - Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems

JF - Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems

IS - 12

M1 - e2022MS003156

ER -

The DOE E3SM Model Version 2: Overview of the Physical Model and Initial Model Evaluation

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Keywords

UN SDGs

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