The Dark Energy Survey view of the Sagittarius stream: Discovery of two faint stellar system candidates

E. Luque; A. Pieres; B. Santiago; B. Yanny; A. K. Vivas; A. Queiroz; A. Drlica-Wagner; E. Morganson; E. Balbinot; J. L. Marshall; T. S. Li; A. Fausti Neto; L. N. da Costa; M. A.G. Maia; K. Bechtol; A. G. Kim; G. M. Bernstein; S. Dodelson; L. Whiteway; H. T. Diehl; D. A. Finley; T. Abbott; F. B. Abdalla; S. Allam; J. Annis; A. Benoit-Ĺevy; E. Bertin; D. Brooks; D. L. Burke; A. Carnero Rosell; M. Carrasco Kind; J. Carretero; C. E. Cunha; C. B. D'Andrea; S. Desai; P. Doel; A. E. Evrard; B. Flaugher; P. Fosalba; D. W. Gerdes; D. A. Goldstein; D. Gruen; R. A. Gruendl; G. Gutierrez; D. J. James; K. Kuehn; N. Kuropatkin; O. Lahav; P. Martini; R. Miquel; B. Nord; R. Ogando; A. A. Plazas; A. K. Romer; E. Sanchez; V. Scarpine; M. Schubnell; I. Sevilla-Noarbe; R. C. Smith; M. Soares-Santos; F. Sobreira; E. Suchyta; M. E.C. Swanson; G. Tarle; D. Thomas; A. R. Walker

doi:10.1093/mnras/stx405

The Dark Energy Survey view of the Sagittarius stream: Discovery of two faint stellar system candidates

E. Luque, A. Pieres, B. Santiago, B. Yanny, A. K. Vivas, A. Queiroz, A. Drlica-Wagner, E. Morganson, E. Balbinot, J. L. Marshall, T. S. Li, A. Fausti Neto, L. N. da Costa, M. A.G. Maia, K. Bechtol, A. G. Kim, G. M. Bernstein, S. Dodelson, L. Whiteway, H. T. DiehlD. A. Finley, T. Abbott, F. B. Abdalla, S. Allam, J. Annis, A. Benoit-Ĺevy, E. Bertin, D. Brooks, D. L. Burke, A. Carnero Rosell, M. Carrasco Kind, J. Carretero, C. E. Cunha, C. B. D'Andrea, S. Desai, P. Doel, A. E. Evrard, B. Flaugher, P. Fosalba, D. W. Gerdes, D. A. Goldstein, D. Gruen, R. A. Gruendl, G. Gutierrez, D. J. James, K. Kuehn, N. Kuropatkin, O. Lahav, P. Martini, R. Miquel, B. Nord, R. Ogando, A. A. Plazas, A. K. Romer, E. Sanchez, V. Scarpine, M. Schubnell, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, R. C. Smith, M. Soares-Santos, F. Sobreira, E. Suchyta, M. E.C. Swanson, G. Tarle, D. Thomas, A. R. Walker

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Abstract

We report the discovery of two new candidate stellar systems in the constellation of Cetus using the data from the first two years of the Dark Energy Survey (DES). The objects, DES J0111-1341 and DES J0225+0304, are located at a heliocentric distance of ~25 kpc and appear to have old and metal-poor populations. Their distances to the Sagittarius orbital plane, ~1.73 kpc (DES J0111-1341) and ~0.50 kpc (DES J0225+0304), indicate that they are possibly associated with the Sagittarius dwarf stream. The half-light radius (rh ≃ 4.55 pc) and luminosity (MV ≃ +0.3) of DES J0111-1341 are consistent with it being an ultrafaint stellar cluster, while the half-light radius (rh ≃ 18.55 pc) and luminosity (MV ≃ -1.1) of DES J0225+0304 place it in an ambiguous region of size-luminosity space between stellar clusters and dwarf galaxies. Determinations of the characteristic parameters of the Sagittarius stream, metallicity spread (-2.18 ≲ [Fe/H] ≲ -0.95) and distance gradient (23 kpc ≲ D⊙ ≲ 29 kpc), within the DES footprint in the Southern hemisphere, using the same DES data, also indicate a possible association between these systems. If these objects are confirmed through spectroscopic follow-up to be gravitationally bound systems and to share a Galactic trajectory with the Sagittarius stream, DES J0111-1341 and DES J0225+0304 would be the first ultrafaint stellar systems associated with the Sagittarius stream. Furthermore, DES J0225+0304 would also be the first confirmed case of an ultrafaint satellite of a satellite.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	97-108
Number of pages	12
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	468
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx405
State	Published - Jun 11 2017

Funding

Funders	Funder number
National Science Foundation	1138766, 240672, 306478, 335936, 291329

Keywords

Galaxies: dwarf
Globular clusters: general

Access to Document

10.1093/mnras/stx405

Cite this

Luque, E., Pieres, A., Santiago, B., Yanny, B., Vivas, A. K., Queiroz, A., Drlica-Wagner, A., Morganson, E., Balbinot, E., Marshall, J. L., Li, T. S., Fausti Neto, A., da Costa, L. N., Maia, M. A. G., Bechtol, K., Kim, A. G., Bernstein, G. M., Dodelson, S., Whiteway, L., ... Walker, A. R. (2017). The Dark Energy Survey view of the Sagittarius stream: Discovery of two faint stellar system candidates. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 468(1), 97-108. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx405

@article{56232ea5481541bc84f8792c0ef1e10a,

title = "The Dark Energy Survey view of the Sagittarius stream: Discovery of two faint stellar system candidates",

abstract = "We report the discovery of two new candidate stellar systems in the constellation of Cetus using the data from the first two years of the Dark Energy Survey (DES). The objects, DES J0111-1341 and DES J0225+0304, are located at a heliocentric distance of ~25 kpc and appear to have old and metal-poor populations. Their distances to the Sagittarius orbital plane, ~1.73 kpc (DES J0111-1341) and ~0.50 kpc (DES J0225+0304), indicate that they are possibly associated with the Sagittarius dwarf stream. The half-light radius (rh ≃ 4.55 pc) and luminosity (MV ≃ +0.3) of DES J0111-1341 are consistent with it being an ultrafaint stellar cluster, while the half-light radius (rh ≃ 18.55 pc) and luminosity (MV ≃ -1.1) of DES J0225+0304 place it in an ambiguous region of size-luminosity space between stellar clusters and dwarf galaxies. Determinations of the characteristic parameters of the Sagittarius stream, metallicity spread (-2.18 ≲ [Fe/H] ≲ -0.95) and distance gradient (23 kpc ≲ D⊙ ≲ 29 kpc), within the DES footprint in the Southern hemisphere, using the same DES data, also indicate a possible association between these systems. If these objects are confirmed through spectroscopic follow-up to be gravitationally bound systems and to share a Galactic trajectory with the Sagittarius stream, DES J0111-1341 and DES J0225+0304 would be the first ultrafaint stellar systems associated with the Sagittarius stream. Furthermore, DES J0225+0304 would also be the first confirmed case of an ultrafaint satellite of a satellite.",

keywords = "Galaxies: dwarf, Globular clusters: general",

author = "E. Luque and A. Pieres and B. Santiago and B. Yanny and Vivas, {A. K.} and A. Queiroz and A. Drlica-Wagner and E. Morganson and E. Balbinot and Marshall, {J. L.} and Li, {T. S.} and {Fausti Neto}, A. and {da Costa}, {L. N.} and Maia, {M. A.G.} and K. Bechtol and Kim, {A. G.} and Bernstein, {G. M.} and S. Dodelson and L. Whiteway and Diehl, {H. T.} and Finley, {D. A.} and T. Abbott and Abdalla, {F. B.} and S. Allam and J. Annis and A. Benoit-{\'L}evy and E. Bertin and D. Brooks and Burke, {D. L.} and {Carnero Rosell}, A. and {Carrasco Kind}, M. and J. Carretero and Cunha, {C. E.} and D'Andrea, {C. B.} and S. Desai and P. Doel and Evrard, {A. E.} and B. Flaugher and P. Fosalba and Gerdes, {D. W.} and Goldstein, {D. A.} and D. Gruen and Gruendl, {R. A.} and G. Gutierrez and James, {D. J.} and K. Kuehn and N. Kuropatkin and O. Lahav and P. Martini and R. Miquel and B. Nord and R. Ogando and Plazas, {A. A.} and Romer, {A. K.} and E. Sanchez and V. Scarpine and M. Schubnell and I. Sevilla-Noarbe and Smith, {R. C.} and M. Soares-Santos and F. Sobreira and E. Suchyta and Swanson, {M. E.C.} and G. Tarle and D. Thomas and Walker, {A. R.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 The Authors. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.",

year = "2017",

month = jun,

day = "11",

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stx405",

language = "English",

volume = "468",

pages = "97--108",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

publisher = "Oxford University Press",

number = "1",

}

Luque, E, Pieres, A, Santiago, B, Yanny, B, Vivas, AK, Queiroz, A, Drlica-Wagner, A, Morganson, E, Balbinot, E, Marshall, JL, Li, TS, Fausti Neto, A, da Costa, LN, Maia, MAG, Bechtol, K, Kim, AG, Bernstein, GM, Dodelson, S, Whiteway, L, Diehl, HT, Finley, DA, Abbott, T, Abdalla, FB, Allam, S, Annis, J, Benoit-Ĺevy, A, Bertin, E, Brooks, D, Burke, DL, Carnero Rosell, A, Carrasco Kind, M, Carretero, J, Cunha, CE, D'Andrea, CB, Desai, S, Doel, P, Evrard, AE, Flaugher, B, Fosalba, P, Gerdes, DW, Goldstein, DA, Gruen, D, Gruendl, RA, Gutierrez, G, James, DJ, Kuehn, K, Kuropatkin, N, Lahav, O, Martini, P, Miquel, R, Nord, B, Ogando, R, Plazas, AA, Romer, AK, Sanchez, E, Scarpine, V, Schubnell, M, Sevilla-Noarbe, I, Smith, RC, Soares-Santos, M, Sobreira, F, Suchyta, E, Swanson, MEC, Tarle, G, Thomas, D & Walker, AR 2017, 'The Dark Energy Survey view of the Sagittarius stream: Discovery of two faint stellar system candidates', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 468, no. 1, pp. 97-108. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx405

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Dark Energy Survey view of the Sagittarius stream

T2 - Discovery of two faint stellar system candidates

AU - Luque, E.

AU - Pieres, A.

AU - Santiago, B.

AU - Yanny, B.

AU - Vivas, A. K.

AU - Queiroz, A.

AU - Drlica-Wagner, A.

AU - Morganson, E.

AU - Balbinot, E.

AU - Marshall, J. L.

AU - Li, T. S.

AU - Fausti Neto, A.

AU - da Costa, L. N.

AU - Maia, M. A.G.

AU - Bechtol, K.

AU - Kim, A. G.

AU - Bernstein, G. M.

AU - Dodelson, S.

AU - Whiteway, L.

AU - Diehl, H. T.

AU - Finley, D. A.

AU - Abbott, T.

AU - Abdalla, F. B.

AU - Allam, S.

AU - Annis, J.

AU - Benoit-Ĺevy, A.

AU - Bertin, E.

AU - Brooks, D.

AU - Burke, D. L.

AU - Carnero Rosell, A.

AU - Carrasco Kind, M.

AU - Carretero, J.

AU - Cunha, C. E.

AU - D'Andrea, C. B.

AU - Desai, S.

AU - Doel, P.

AU - Evrard, A. E.

AU - Flaugher, B.

AU - Fosalba, P.

AU - Gerdes, D. W.

AU - Goldstein, D. A.

AU - Gruen, D.

AU - Gruendl, R. A.

AU - Gutierrez, G.

AU - James, D. J.

AU - Kuehn, K.

AU - Kuropatkin, N.

AU - Lahav, O.

AU - Martini, P.

AU - Miquel, R.

AU - Nord, B.

AU - Ogando, R.

AU - Plazas, A. A.

AU - Romer, A. K.

AU - Sanchez, E.

AU - Scarpine, V.

AU - Schubnell, M.

AU - Sevilla-Noarbe, I.

AU - Smith, R. C.

AU - Soares-Santos, M.

AU - Sobreira, F.

AU - Suchyta, E.

AU - Swanson, M. E.C.

AU - Tarle, G.

AU - Thomas, D.

AU - Walker, A. R.

PY - 2017/6/11

Y1 - 2017/6/11

N2 - We report the discovery of two new candidate stellar systems in the constellation of Cetus using the data from the first two years of the Dark Energy Survey (DES). The objects, DES J0111-1341 and DES J0225+0304, are located at a heliocentric distance of ~25 kpc and appear to have old and metal-poor populations. Their distances to the Sagittarius orbital plane, ~1.73 kpc (DES J0111-1341) and ~0.50 kpc (DES J0225+0304), indicate that they are possibly associated with the Sagittarius dwarf stream. The half-light radius (rh ≃ 4.55 pc) and luminosity (MV ≃ +0.3) of DES J0111-1341 are consistent with it being an ultrafaint stellar cluster, while the half-light radius (rh ≃ 18.55 pc) and luminosity (MV ≃ -1.1) of DES J0225+0304 place it in an ambiguous region of size-luminosity space between stellar clusters and dwarf galaxies. Determinations of the characteristic parameters of the Sagittarius stream, metallicity spread (-2.18 ≲ [Fe/H] ≲ -0.95) and distance gradient (23 kpc ≲ D⊙ ≲ 29 kpc), within the DES footprint in the Southern hemisphere, using the same DES data, also indicate a possible association between these systems. If these objects are confirmed through spectroscopic follow-up to be gravitationally bound systems and to share a Galactic trajectory with the Sagittarius stream, DES J0111-1341 and DES J0225+0304 would be the first ultrafaint stellar systems associated with the Sagittarius stream. Furthermore, DES J0225+0304 would also be the first confirmed case of an ultrafaint satellite of a satellite.

AB - We report the discovery of two new candidate stellar systems in the constellation of Cetus using the data from the first two years of the Dark Energy Survey (DES). The objects, DES J0111-1341 and DES J0225+0304, are located at a heliocentric distance of ~25 kpc and appear to have old and metal-poor populations. Their distances to the Sagittarius orbital plane, ~1.73 kpc (DES J0111-1341) and ~0.50 kpc (DES J0225+0304), indicate that they are possibly associated with the Sagittarius dwarf stream. The half-light radius (rh ≃ 4.55 pc) and luminosity (MV ≃ +0.3) of DES J0111-1341 are consistent with it being an ultrafaint stellar cluster, while the half-light radius (rh ≃ 18.55 pc) and luminosity (MV ≃ -1.1) of DES J0225+0304 place it in an ambiguous region of size-luminosity space between stellar clusters and dwarf galaxies. Determinations of the characteristic parameters of the Sagittarius stream, metallicity spread (-2.18 ≲ [Fe/H] ≲ -0.95) and distance gradient (23 kpc ≲ D⊙ ≲ 29 kpc), within the DES footprint in the Southern hemisphere, using the same DES data, also indicate a possible association between these systems. If these objects are confirmed through spectroscopic follow-up to be gravitationally bound systems and to share a Galactic trajectory with the Sagittarius stream, DES J0111-1341 and DES J0225+0304 would be the first ultrafaint stellar systems associated with the Sagittarius stream. Furthermore, DES J0225+0304 would also be the first confirmed case of an ultrafaint satellite of a satellite.

KW - Galaxies: dwarf

KW - Globular clusters: general

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85017225627&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stx405

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stx405

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85017225627

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 468

SP - 97

EP - 108

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 1

ER -

The Dark Energy Survey view of the Sagittarius stream: Discovery of two faint stellar system candidates

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