The dark energy survey: detection of weak lensing magnification of supernovae and constraints on dark matter haloes

DES Collaboration

doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1515

The dark energy survey: detection of weak lensing magnification of supernovae and constraints on dark matter haloes

DES Collaboration

Workflow Systems

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

The residuals of the distance moduli of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) relative to a Hubble diagram fit contain information about the inhomogeneity of the Universe, due to weak lensing magnification by foreground matter. By correlating the residuals of the Dark Energy Survey Year 5 SN Ia sample (DES-SN5YR) with extragalactic foregrounds from the DES Y3 Gold catalogue, we detect the presence of lensing at 6.0σ significance. This is the first detection with a significance level above 5σ. Constraints on the effective mass-to-light ratios and radial profiles of dark matter haloes surrounding individual galaxies are also obtained. We show that the scatter of SNe Ia around the Hubble diagram is reduced by modifying the standardization of the distance moduli to include an easily calculable de-lensing (i.e. environmental)term. We use the de-lensed distance moduli to recompute cosmological parameters derived from SN Ia, finding in Flat wcold dark matter a difference of ΔΩ_M = +0.036 and Δw = -0.056 compared to the unmodified distance moduli, a change of ∼ 0.3σ. We argue that our modelling of SN Ia lensing will lower systematics on future surveys with higher statistical power. We use the observed dispersion of lensing in DES-SN5YR to constrain σ8, but caution that the fit is sensitive to uncertainties at small scales. Nevertheless, our detection of SN Ia lensing opens a new pathway to study matter inhomogeneity that complements galaxy-galaxy lensing surveys and has unrelated systematics.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	932-944
Number of pages	13
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	532
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1515
State	Published - Jul 1 2024

Funding

PS devised the project, compiled the data, performed the analysis, and drafted the manuscript; DBa, TD, JF, LG, DH, RK, JL, CL, OL, RM, RN, MSa, MSu, MV, and PW advised on the analysis and commented on the manuscript; DBa and JF were also internal reviewers, and RM the final reader. The remaining authors have made contributions to this paper that include, but are not limited to, the construction of DECam and other aspects of collecting the data; data processing and calibration; developing broadly used methods, codes, and simulations; running the pipelines and validation tests; and promoting the science analysis. This paper has gone through internal review by the DES collaboration. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Funda\u00E7\u00E3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00E0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00EDfico e Tecnol\u00F3gico and the Minist\u00E9rio da Ci\u00EAncia, Tecnologia e Inova\u00E7\u00E3o, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energ\u00E9ticas, Medioambientales y Tecnol\u00F3gicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgen\u00F6ssische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Z\u00FCrich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Institut de Ci\u00E8ncies de l\u2019Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de F\u00EDsica d\u2019Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universit\u00E4t M\u00FCnchen and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, NSF\u2019s NOIRLab, the University of Nottingham, The Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, Texas A&M University, and the OzDES Membership Consortium. Based in part on observations at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory at NSF\u2019s NOIRLab (NOIRLab Prop. ID 2012B-0001; PI: J. Frieman), which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. Based in part on data acquired at the Anglo-Australian Telescope. We acknowledge the traditional custodians of the land on which the AAT stands, the Gamilaraay people, and pay our respects to elders past and present. Parts of this research were supported by the Australian Research Council, through project numbers CE110001020, FL180100168, and DE230100055. Based in part on observations obtained at the international Gemini Observatory, a program of NSF\u2019s NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation on behalf of the Gemini Observatory partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), National Research Council (Canada), Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00F3n y Desarrollo (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00EDa e Innovaci\u00F3n (Argentina), Minist\u00E9rio da Ci\u00EAncia, Tecnologia, Inova\u00E7\u00F5es e Comunica\u00E7\u00F5es (Brazil), and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (Republic of Korea). This includes data from programs (GN-2015B-Q-10, GN-2016B-LP-10, GN-2017B-LP-10, GS-2013B-Q-45, GS-2015B-Q-7, GS-2016BLP-10, GS-2016B-Q-41, and GS-2017B-LP-10; PI Foley). Some of the data presented herein were obtained at Keck Observatory, which is a private 501(c)3 non-profit organization operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (PIs Foley, Kirshner, and Nugent). The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. This paper includes results based on data gathered with the 6.5m Magellan Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile (PI Foley), and the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT). The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has always had within the Native Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Numbers AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MICINN under grants ESP2017-89838, PGC2018-094773, PGC2018-102021, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union\u2019s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00EAncia e Tecnologia (INCT) do e-Universo (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility located at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 using NERSC award HEP-ERCAP0023923. This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. Based in part on observations at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory at NSF\u2019s NOIRLab (NOIRLab Prop. ID 2012B-0001; PI: J. Frieman), which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. Based in part on data acquired at the Anglo-Australian Telescope. We acknowledge the traditional custodians of the land on which the AAT stands, the Gamilaraay people, and pay our respects to elders past and present. Parts of this research were supported by the Australian Research Council, through project numbers CE110001020, FL180100168, and DE230100055. Based in part on observations obtained at the international Gemini Observatory, a program of NSF\u2019s NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation on behalf of the Gemini Observatory partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), National Research Council (Canada), Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00F3n y Desarrollo (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00EDa e Innovaci\u00F3n (Argentina), Minist\u00E9rio da Ci\u00EAncia, Tecnologia, Inova\u00E7\u00F5es e Comunica\u00E7\u00F5es (Brazil), and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (Republic of Korea). This includes data from programs (GN-2015B-Q-10, GN-2016B-LP-10, GN-2017B-LP-10, GS-2013B-Q-45, GS-2015B-Q-7, GS-2016B-LP-10, GS-2016B-Q-41, and GS-2017B-LP-10; PI Foley). Some of the data presented herein were obtained at Keck Observatory, which is a private 501(c)3 non-profit organization operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (PIs Foley, Kirshner, and Nugent). The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. This paper includes results based on data gathered with the 6.5m Magellan Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile (PI Foley), and the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT). The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has always had within the Native Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Numbers AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MICINN under grants ESP2017-89838, PGC2018-094773, PGC2018-102021, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union\u2019s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00EAncia e Tecnologia (INCT) do e-Universo (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility located at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 using NERSC award HEP-ERCAP0023923. This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics.

Funders	Funder number
Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Institut de Ciències de l’Espai
Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia
Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações
University of Nottingham
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
University of Sussex
High Energy Physics
University of Edinburgh
W. M. Keck Foundation
Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Seventh Framework Programme
Ohio State University
Stanford University
University of Chicago
Generalitat de Catalunya
Higher Education Funding Council for England
INCT
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
ERDF
Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine
Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich
NSF
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
University of California, Santa Cruz
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
European Commission
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
U.S. Department of Energy
Fermilab
Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación
Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory
University College London
University of California
University of Portsmouth
Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom
Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação
Office of Science
National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
European Research Council
University of Michigan
Institut de Física d'Altes Energies
University of Pennsylvania
DECam
National Research Council Canada
Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Texas A and M University	2012B-0001
Texas A and M University
ERC	240672, 306478, 291329
Australian Research Council	FL180100168, CE110001020, DE230100055
Australian Research Council
CNPq	465376/2014-2
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute	GS-2016B-Q-41, GS-2017B-LP-10, GN-2015B-Q-10, GS-2016BLP-10, GS-2015B-Q-7, GN-2016B-LP-10, GS-2013B-Q-45, GN-2017B-LP-10
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
National Science Foundation	AST-1138766, AST-1536171
National Science Foundation
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory	DE-AC02-05CH11231, HEP-ERCAP0023923
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
MICINN	SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, MDM-2015-0509, PGC2018-094773, PGC2018-102021, ESP2017-89838
Fermi Research Alliance, LLC	DE-AC02-07CH11359

Keywords

cosmological parameters
dark matter
galaxies: haloes
gravitational lensing: weak
transients: supernovae

Access to Document

10.1093/mnras/stae1515

Cite this

@article{74e5e417e7424ef2b7c33152a56c0eae,

title = "The dark energy survey: detection of weak lensing magnification of supernovae and constraints on dark matter haloes",

abstract = "The residuals of the distance moduli of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) relative to a Hubble diagram fit contain information about the inhomogeneity of the Universe, due to weak lensing magnification by foreground matter. By correlating the residuals of the Dark Energy Survey Year 5 SN Ia sample (DES-SN5YR) with extragalactic foregrounds from the DES Y3 Gold catalogue, we detect the presence of lensing at 6.0σ significance. This is the first detection with a significance level above 5σ. Constraints on the effective mass-to-light ratios and radial profiles of dark matter haloes surrounding individual galaxies are also obtained. We show that the scatter of SNe Ia around the Hubble diagram is reduced by modifying the standardization of the distance moduli to include an easily calculable de-lensing (i.e. environmental)term. We use the de-lensed distance moduli to recompute cosmological parameters derived from SN Ia, finding in Flat wcold dark matter a difference of ΔΩM = +0.036 and Δw = -0.056 compared to the unmodified distance moduli, a change of ∼ 0.3σ. We argue that our modelling of SN Ia lensing will lower systematics on future surveys with higher statistical power. We use the observed dispersion of lensing in DES-SN5YR to constrain σ8, but caution that the fit is sensitive to uncertainties at small scales. Nevertheless, our detection of SN Ia lensing opens a new pathway to study matter inhomogeneity that complements galaxy-galaxy lensing surveys and has unrelated systematics.",

keywords = "cosmological parameters, dark matter, galaxies: haloes, gravitational lensing: weak, transients: supernovae",

author = "{DES Collaboration} and P. Shah and Davis, {T. M.} and D. Bacon and D. Brout and J. Frieman and L. Galbany and R. Kessler and O. Lahav and J. Lee and C. Lidman and Nichol, {R. C.} and M. Sako and S{\'a}nchez, {B. O.} and D. Scolnic and M. Sullivan and M. Vincenzi and P. Wiseman and S. Allam and Abbott, {T. M.C.} and M. Aguena and O. Alves and F. Andrade-Oliveira and J. Annis and K. Bechtol and E. Bertin and S. Bocquet and D. Brooks and {Carnero Rosell}, A. and J. Carretero and Castander, {F. J.} and {da Costa}, {L. N.} and Pereira, {M. E.S.} and Diehl, {H. T.} and P. Doel and C. Doux and S. Everett and I. Ferrero and B. Flaugher and D. Friedel and M. Gatti and D. Gruen and Gruendl, {R. A.} and G. Gutierrez and Hinton, {S. R.} and Hollowood, {D. L.} and K. Honscheid and D. Huterer and James, {D. J.} and K. Kuehn and E. Suchyta",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.",

year = "2024",

month = jul,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stae1515",

language = "English",

volume = "532",

pages = "932--944",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

publisher = "Oxford University Press",

number = "1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - The dark energy survey

T2 - detection of weak lensing magnification of supernovae and constraints on dark matter haloes

AU - DES Collaboration

AU - Shah, P.

AU - Davis, T. M.

AU - Bacon, D.

AU - Brout, D.

AU - Frieman, J.

AU - Galbany, L.

AU - Kessler, R.

AU - Lahav, O.

AU - Lee, J.

AU - Lidman, C.

AU - Nichol, R. C.

AU - Sako, M.

AU - Sánchez, B. O.

AU - Scolnic, D.

AU - Sullivan, M.

AU - Vincenzi, M.

AU - Wiseman, P.

AU - Allam, S.

AU - Abbott, T. M.C.

AU - Aguena, M.

AU - Alves, O.

AU - Andrade-Oliveira, F.

AU - Annis, J.

AU - Bechtol, K.

AU - Bertin, E.

AU - Bocquet, S.

AU - Brooks, D.

AU - Carnero Rosell, A.

AU - Carretero, J.

AU - Castander, F. J.

AU - da Costa, L. N.

AU - Pereira, M. E.S.

AU - Diehl, H. T.

AU - Doel, P.

AU - Doux, C.

AU - Everett, S.

AU - Ferrero, I.

AU - Flaugher, B.

AU - Friedel, D.

AU - Gatti, M.

AU - Gruen, D.

AU - Gruendl, R. A.

AU - Gutierrez, G.

AU - Hinton, S. R.

AU - Hollowood, D. L.

AU - Honscheid, K.

AU - Huterer, D.

AU - James, D. J.

AU - Kuehn, K.

AU - Suchyta, E.

PY - 2024/7/1

Y1 - 2024/7/1

N2 - The residuals of the distance moduli of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) relative to a Hubble diagram fit contain information about the inhomogeneity of the Universe, due to weak lensing magnification by foreground matter. By correlating the residuals of the Dark Energy Survey Year 5 SN Ia sample (DES-SN5YR) with extragalactic foregrounds from the DES Y3 Gold catalogue, we detect the presence of lensing at 6.0σ significance. This is the first detection with a significance level above 5σ. Constraints on the effective mass-to-light ratios and radial profiles of dark matter haloes surrounding individual galaxies are also obtained. We show that the scatter of SNe Ia around the Hubble diagram is reduced by modifying the standardization of the distance moduli to include an easily calculable de-lensing (i.e. environmental)term. We use the de-lensed distance moduli to recompute cosmological parameters derived from SN Ia, finding in Flat wcold dark matter a difference of ΔΩM = +0.036 and Δw = -0.056 compared to the unmodified distance moduli, a change of ∼ 0.3σ. We argue that our modelling of SN Ia lensing will lower systematics on future surveys with higher statistical power. We use the observed dispersion of lensing in DES-SN5YR to constrain σ8, but caution that the fit is sensitive to uncertainties at small scales. Nevertheless, our detection of SN Ia lensing opens a new pathway to study matter inhomogeneity that complements galaxy-galaxy lensing surveys and has unrelated systematics.

AB - The residuals of the distance moduli of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) relative to a Hubble diagram fit contain information about the inhomogeneity of the Universe, due to weak lensing magnification by foreground matter. By correlating the residuals of the Dark Energy Survey Year 5 SN Ia sample (DES-SN5YR) with extragalactic foregrounds from the DES Y3 Gold catalogue, we detect the presence of lensing at 6.0σ significance. This is the first detection with a significance level above 5σ. Constraints on the effective mass-to-light ratios and radial profiles of dark matter haloes surrounding individual galaxies are also obtained. We show that the scatter of SNe Ia around the Hubble diagram is reduced by modifying the standardization of the distance moduli to include an easily calculable de-lensing (i.e. environmental)term. We use the de-lensed distance moduli to recompute cosmological parameters derived from SN Ia, finding in Flat wcold dark matter a difference of ΔΩM = +0.036 and Δw = -0.056 compared to the unmodified distance moduli, a change of ∼ 0.3σ. We argue that our modelling of SN Ia lensing will lower systematics on future surveys with higher statistical power. We use the observed dispersion of lensing in DES-SN5YR to constrain σ8, but caution that the fit is sensitive to uncertainties at small scales. Nevertheless, our detection of SN Ia lensing opens a new pathway to study matter inhomogeneity that complements galaxy-galaxy lensing surveys and has unrelated systematics.

KW - cosmological parameters

KW - dark matter

KW - galaxies: haloes

KW - gravitational lensing: weak

KW - transients: supernovae

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85197630538&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stae1515

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stae1515

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85197630538

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 532

SP - 932

EP - 944

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 1

ER -

The dark energy survey: detection of weak lensing magnification of supernovae and constraints on dark matter haloes

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this