The Dark Energy Survey: Cosmology Results with ∼1500 New High-redshift Type Ia Supernovae Using the Full 5 yr Data Set

DES Collaboration

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad6f9f

The Dark Energy Survey: Cosmology Results with ∼1500 New High-redshift Type Ia Supernovae Using the Full 5 yr Data Set

DES Collaboration

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Abstract

We present cosmological constraints from the sample of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) discovered and measured during the full 5 yr of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) SN program. In contrast to most previous cosmological samples, in which SNe are classified based on their spectra, we classify the DES SNe using a machine learning algorithm applied to their light curves in four photometric bands. Spectroscopic redshifts are acquired from a dedicated follow-up survey of the host galaxies. After accounting for the likelihood of each SN being an SN Ia, we find 1635 DES SNe in the redshift range 0.10 < z < 1.13 that pass quality selection criteria sufficient to constrain cosmological parameters. This quintuples the number of high-quality z > 0.5 SNe compared to the previous leading compilation of Pantheon+ and results in the tightest cosmological constraints achieved by any SN data set to date. To derive cosmological constraints, we combine the DES SN data with a high-quality external low-redshift sample consisting of 194 SNe Ia spanning 0.025 < z < 0.10. Using SN data alone and including systematic uncertainties, we find Ω_M = 0.352 ± 0.017 in flat ΛCDM. SN data alone now require acceleration (q₀ < 0 in ΛCDM) with over 5σ confidence. We find (Ω_m, w) = (0.264_-0.096^+0.074, 80_-0.16^+0.14) in flat wCDM. For flat w₀w_aCDM, we find (Ω_M,w₀, w_a) = (0.495_-0.043^+0.033, -0.36_-0.30^+0.36 -8.8_-4.5^+3.7, consistent with a constant equation of state to within ∼2σ. Including Planck cosmic microwave background, Sloan Digital Sky Survey baryon acoustic oscillation, and DES 3 × 2pt data gives (Ω_M, w) = (0.321 ± 0.007, -0.941 ± 0.026). In all cases, dark energy is consistent with a cosmological constant to within ∼2σ. Systematic errors on cosmological parameters are subdominant compared to statistical errors; these results thus pave the way for future photometrically classified SN analyses.

Original language	English
Article number	L14
Journal	Astrophysical Journal Letters
Volume	973
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad6f9f
State	Published - Sep 1 2024

Funding

We acknowledge the following former collaborators, who have contributed directly to this work: Ricard Casas, Pete Challis, Michael Childress, Ricardo Covarrubias, Chris D'Andrea, Alex Filippenko, David Finley, John Fisher, Francisco F\u00F6rster, Daniel Goldstein, Santiago Gonz\u00E1lez-Gait\u00E1n, Ravi Gupta, Mario Hamuy, Steve Kuhlmann, James Lasker, Marisa March, John Marriner, Eric Morganson, Jennifer Mosher, Elizabeth Swann, Rollin Thomas, and Rachel Wolf. T.M.D., A.C., R.C., and S.H. acknowledge the support of an Australian Research Council Australian Laureate Fellowship (FL180100168) funded by the Australian Government, and A.M. is supported by the ARC Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA) project No. DE230100055. M.S., H.Q., and J.L. are supported by DOE grant DE-FOA-0002424 and NSF grant AST-2108094. R.K. is supported by DOE grant DE-SC0009924. M.V. was partly supported by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51546.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. L.K. thanks the UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship for support through the grant MR/T01881X/1. L.G. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00F3n (MCIN), the Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00F3n (AEI) 10.13039/501100011033, and the European Social Fund (ESF) \"Investing in your future\" under the 2019 Ram\u00F3n y Cajal program RYC2019-027683-I and the PID2020-115253GA-I00 HOSTFLOWS project, from Centro Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00EDficas (CSIC) under the PIE project 20215AT016, and the program Unidad de Excelencia Mar\u00EDa de Maeztu CEX2020- 001058-M, and from the Departament de Recerca i Universitats de la Generalitat de Catalunya through the 2021-SGR-01270 grant. R.J.F. and D.S. were supported in part by NASA grant 14-WPS14- 0048. The UCSC team is supported in part by NASA grants NNG16PJ34G and NNG17PX03C issued through the Roman Science Investigation Teams Program; NSF grants AST-1518052 and AST-1815935; NASA through grant No. AR-14296 from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555; the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; the Heising-Simons Foundation; and fellowships from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation to R.J.F. We acknowledge the University of Chicago's Research Computing Center for their support of this work. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A & M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Funda\u00E7\u00E3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00E0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00EDfico e Tecnol\u00F3gico and the Minist\u00E9rio da Ci\u00EAncia, Tecnologia e Inova\u00E7\u00E3o, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energ\u00E9ticas, Medioambientales y Tecnol\u00F3gicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgen\u00F6ssische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Z\u00FCrich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Institut de Ci\u00E8ncies de l'Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de F\u00EDsica d'Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universit\u00E4t M\u00FCnchen and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, NSF's NOIRLab, the University of Nottingham, The Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, Texas A & M University, and the OzDES Membership Consortium. Based in part on observations at Cerro Tololo InterAmerican Observatory at NSF's NOIRLab (NOIRLab Prop. ID 2012B-0001; PI: J. Frieman), which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. Based in part on data acquired at the Anglo-Australian Telescope. We acknowledge the traditional custodians of the land on which the AAT stands, the Gamilaraay people, and pay our respects to elders past and present. Parts of this research were supported by the Australian Research Council through project Nos. CE110001020, FL180100168, and DE230100055. Based in part on observations obtained at the international Gemini Observatory, a program of NSF's NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation on behalf of the Gemini Observatory partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), National Research Council (Canada), Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00F3n y Desarrollo (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00EDa e Innovaci\u00F3n (Argentina), Minist\u00E9rio da Ci\u00EAncia, Tecnologia, Inova\u00E7\u00F5es e Comunica\u00E7\u00F5es (Brazil), and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (Republic of Korea). This includes data from programs GN-2015B-Q-10, GN2016B-LP-10, GN-2017B-LP-10, GS-2013B-Q-45, GS2015B-Q-7, GS-2016B-LP-10, GS-2016B-Q-41, and GS2017B-LP-10 (PI: Foley). Some of the data presented herein were obtained at Keck Observatory, which is a private 501(c)3 nonprofit organization operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (PIs: Foley, Kirshner, and Nugent). The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. This Letter includes results based on data gathered with the 6.5 m Magellan Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile (PI: Foley), and the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT; PIs: M. Smith & E. Kasai). The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has always had within the Native Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant Nos. AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MICINN under grants ESP2017-89838, PGC2018-094773, PGC2018-102021, SEV2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007- 2013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00EAncia e Tecnologia (INCT) do e-Universo (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility located at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, operated under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 using NERSC award HEP-ERCAP0023923. This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02- 07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics.

Funders	Funder number
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia
Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações
University of Nottingham
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
High Energy Physics
University of Edinburgh
Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Seventh Framework Programme
Ohio State University
Stanford University
University of Chicago
Generalitat de Catalunya
Higher Education Funding Council for England
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A & M University
Space Telescope Science Institute
Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine
Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich
University of California, Santa Cruz
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
European Commission
Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Heising-Simons Foundation
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Agencia Estatal de Investigación
Fermilab
Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación
Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
University College London
University of California
University of Portsmouth
Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom
Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação
David and Lucile Packard Foundation
European Union's Seventh Framework Program
National Centre for Supercomputing Applications
European Regional Development Fund
University of Michigan
Institut de Física d'Altes Energies
University of Pennsylvania
National Research Council Canada
Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
Institut de Ciències de l'Espai
Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas	CEX2020- 001058-M, 20215AT016
U.S. Department of Energy	DE-FOA-0002424
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute	GS-2016B-Q-41, GS-2016B-LP-10, GN-2015B-Q-10, GN2016B-LP-10, GS2015B-Q-7, GN-2017B-LP-10, GS2017B-LP-10, GS-2013B-Q-45
Departament de Recerca i Universitats de la Generalitat de Catalunya	2021-SGR-01270, AR-14296, 14-WPS14- 0048, AST-1815935, NAS5-26555, AST-1518052, NNG16PJ34G
National Science Foundation	AST-2108094, DE-SC0009924
Australian Research Council	CE110001020, DE230100055
Fermi Research Alliance, LLC	DE-AC02- 07CH11359
UK Research and Innovation	MR/T01881X/1
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación	SEV-2016-0597, MDM-2015-0509, PGC2018-094773, PGC2018-102021, SEV2016-0588, ESP2017-89838
European Research Council	240672, 306478, 291329
University of Sussex	2012B-0001
European Social Fund Plus	PID2020-115253GA-I00, RYC2019-027683-I
W. M. Keck Foundation	AST-1138766, AST-1536171
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico	465376/2014-2
Office of Science	DE-AC02-05CH11231, HEP-ERCAP0023923

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10.3847/2041-8213/ad6f9f

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@article{ea3d833b2d154c9a83f6772007ee39de,

title = "The Dark Energy Survey: Cosmology Results with ∼1500 New High-redshift Type Ia Supernovae Using the Full 5 yr Data Set",

abstract = "We present cosmological constraints from the sample of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) discovered and measured during the full 5 yr of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) SN program. In contrast to most previous cosmological samples, in which SNe are classified based on their spectra, we classify the DES SNe using a machine learning algorithm applied to their light curves in four photometric bands. Spectroscopic redshifts are acquired from a dedicated follow-up survey of the host galaxies. After accounting for the likelihood of each SN being an SN Ia, we find 1635 DES SNe in the redshift range 0.10 < z < 1.13 that pass quality selection criteria sufficient to constrain cosmological parameters. This quintuples the number of high-quality z > 0.5 SNe compared to the previous leading compilation of Pantheon+ and results in the tightest cosmological constraints achieved by any SN data set to date. To derive cosmological constraints, we combine the DES SN data with a high-quality external low-redshift sample consisting of 194 SNe Ia spanning 0.025 < z < 0.10. Using SN data alone and including systematic uncertainties, we find ΩM = 0.352 ± 0.017 in flat ΛCDM. SN data alone now require acceleration (q0 < 0 in ΛCDM) with over 5σ confidence. We find (Ωm, w) = (0.264-0.096+0.074, 80-0.16+0.14) in flat wCDM. For flat w0waCDM, we find (ΩM,w0, wa) = (0.495-0.043+0.033, -0.36-0.30+0.36 -8.8-4.5+3.7, consistent with a constant equation of state to within ∼2σ. Including Planck cosmic microwave background, Sloan Digital Sky Survey baryon acoustic oscillation, and DES 3 × 2pt data gives (ΩM, w) = (0.321 ± 0.007, -0.941 ± 0.026). In all cases, dark energy is consistent with a cosmological constant to within ∼2σ. Systematic errors on cosmological parameters are subdominant compared to statistical errors; these results thus pave the way for future photometrically classified SN analyses.",

author = "{DES Collaboration} and Abbott, {T. M.C.} and M. Acevedo and M. Aguena and A. Alarcon and S. Allam and O. Alves and A. Amon and F. Andrade-Oliveira and J. Annis and P. Armstrong and J. Asorey and S. Avila and D. Bacon and Bassett, {B. A.} and K. Bechtol and Bernardinelli, {P. H.} and Bernstein, {G. M.} and E. Bertin and J. Blazek and S. Bocquet and D. Brooks and D. Brout and E. Buckley-Geer and Burke, {D. L.} and H. Camacho and R. Camilleri and A. Campos and {Carnero Rosell}, A. and D. Carollo and A. Carr and J. Carretero and Castander, {F. J.} and R. Cawthon and C. Chang and R. Chen and A. Choi and C. Conselice and M. Costanzi and {da Costa}, {L. N.} and M. Crocce and Davis, {T. M.} and DePoy, {D. L.} and S. Desai and Diehl, {H. T.} and M. Dixon and S. Dodelson and P. Doel and C. Doux and A. Drlica-Wagner and E. Suchyta",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.",

year = "2024",

month = sep,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/2041-8213/ad6f9f",

language = "English",

volume = "973",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal Letters",

issn = "2041-8205",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Dark Energy Survey

T2 - Cosmology Results with ∼1500 New High-redshift Type Ia Supernovae Using the Full 5 yr Data Set

AU - DES Collaboration

AU - Abbott, T. M.C.

AU - Acevedo, M.

AU - Aguena, M.

AU - Alarcon, A.

AU - Allam, S.

AU - Alves, O.

AU - Amon, A.

AU - Andrade-Oliveira, F.

AU - Annis, J.

AU - Armstrong, P.

AU - Asorey, J.

AU - Avila, S.

AU - Bacon, D.

AU - Bassett, B. A.

AU - Bechtol, K.

AU - Bernardinelli, P. H.

AU - Bernstein, G. M.

AU - Bertin, E.

AU - Blazek, J.

AU - Bocquet, S.

AU - Brooks, D.

AU - Brout, D.

AU - Buckley-Geer, E.

AU - Burke, D. L.

AU - Camacho, H.

AU - Camilleri, R.

AU - Campos, A.

AU - Carnero Rosell, A.

AU - Carollo, D.

AU - Carr, A.

AU - Carretero, J.

AU - Castander, F. J.

AU - Cawthon, R.

AU - Chang, C.

AU - Chen, R.

AU - Choi, A.

AU - Conselice, C.

AU - Costanzi, M.

AU - da Costa, L. N.

AU - Crocce, M.

AU - Davis, T. M.

AU - DePoy, D. L.

AU - Desai, S.

AU - Diehl, H. T.

AU - Dixon, M.

AU - Dodelson, S.

AU - Doel, P.

AU - Doux, C.

AU - Drlica-Wagner, A.

AU - Suchyta, E.

PY - 2024/9/1

Y1 - 2024/9/1

N2 - We present cosmological constraints from the sample of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) discovered and measured during the full 5 yr of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) SN program. In contrast to most previous cosmological samples, in which SNe are classified based on their spectra, we classify the DES SNe using a machine learning algorithm applied to their light curves in four photometric bands. Spectroscopic redshifts are acquired from a dedicated follow-up survey of the host galaxies. After accounting for the likelihood of each SN being an SN Ia, we find 1635 DES SNe in the redshift range 0.10 < z < 1.13 that pass quality selection criteria sufficient to constrain cosmological parameters. This quintuples the number of high-quality z > 0.5 SNe compared to the previous leading compilation of Pantheon+ and results in the tightest cosmological constraints achieved by any SN data set to date. To derive cosmological constraints, we combine the DES SN data with a high-quality external low-redshift sample consisting of 194 SNe Ia spanning 0.025 < z < 0.10. Using SN data alone and including systematic uncertainties, we find ΩM = 0.352 ± 0.017 in flat ΛCDM. SN data alone now require acceleration (q0 < 0 in ΛCDM) with over 5σ confidence. We find (Ωm, w) = (0.264-0.096+0.074, 80-0.16+0.14) in flat wCDM. For flat w0waCDM, we find (ΩM,w0, wa) = (0.495-0.043+0.033, -0.36-0.30+0.36 -8.8-4.5+3.7, consistent with a constant equation of state to within ∼2σ. Including Planck cosmic microwave background, Sloan Digital Sky Survey baryon acoustic oscillation, and DES 3 × 2pt data gives (ΩM, w) = (0.321 ± 0.007, -0.941 ± 0.026). In all cases, dark energy is consistent with a cosmological constant to within ∼2σ. Systematic errors on cosmological parameters are subdominant compared to statistical errors; these results thus pave the way for future photometrically classified SN analyses.

AB - We present cosmological constraints from the sample of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) discovered and measured during the full 5 yr of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) SN program. In contrast to most previous cosmological samples, in which SNe are classified based on their spectra, we classify the DES SNe using a machine learning algorithm applied to their light curves in four photometric bands. Spectroscopic redshifts are acquired from a dedicated follow-up survey of the host galaxies. After accounting for the likelihood of each SN being an SN Ia, we find 1635 DES SNe in the redshift range 0.10 < z < 1.13 that pass quality selection criteria sufficient to constrain cosmological parameters. This quintuples the number of high-quality z > 0.5 SNe compared to the previous leading compilation of Pantheon+ and results in the tightest cosmological constraints achieved by any SN data set to date. To derive cosmological constraints, we combine the DES SN data with a high-quality external low-redshift sample consisting of 194 SNe Ia spanning 0.025 < z < 0.10. Using SN data alone and including systematic uncertainties, we find ΩM = 0.352 ± 0.017 in flat ΛCDM. SN data alone now require acceleration (q0 < 0 in ΛCDM) with over 5σ confidence. We find (Ωm, w) = (0.264-0.096+0.074, 80-0.16+0.14) in flat wCDM. For flat w0waCDM, we find (ΩM,w0, wa) = (0.495-0.043+0.033, -0.36-0.30+0.36 -8.8-4.5+3.7, consistent with a constant equation of state to within ∼2σ. Including Planck cosmic microwave background, Sloan Digital Sky Survey baryon acoustic oscillation, and DES 3 × 2pt data gives (ΩM, w) = (0.321 ± 0.007, -0.941 ± 0.026). In all cases, dark energy is consistent with a cosmological constant to within ∼2σ. Systematic errors on cosmological parameters are subdominant compared to statistical errors; these results thus pave the way for future photometrically classified SN analyses.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85207814398&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3847/2041-8213/ad6f9f

DO - 10.3847/2041-8213/ad6f9f

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85207814398

SN - 2041-8205

VL - 973

JO - Astrophysical Journal Letters

JF - Astrophysical Journal Letters

IS - 1

M1 - L14

ER -

The Dark Energy Survey: Cosmology Results with ∼1500 New High-redshift Type Ia Supernovae Using the Full 5 yr Data Set

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