The characterization of wear-causing particles and silica sand in particular

Peter J. Blau; Tomas Grejtak; Jun Qu

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2023.204872

The characterization of wear-causing particles and silica sand in particular

Peter J. Blau, Tomas Grejtak, Jun Qu

Surface Engineering and Tribology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

Erodants and abradants are two types of wear-causing particles (WCP). Despite their effects on the severity and rate of wear, WCP are inadequately characterized in a surprising number of publications, especially those involving impingement erosion and three-body abrasion. That shortfall makes it difficult to correlate features of WCP with the details of worn surfaces, or to develop wear models that account for those features. It is argued that the documentation of WCP should go beyond simply reporting their composition and mean particle size. In late 1985, ASTM Committee G2 on Wear and Erosion established a task group on the characterization of WCP. At that time, image analysis was slower and less sophisticated than it is today. While that ASTM task group failed to produce a consensus standard, computerized particle characterization methods were developing in fields other than tribology, fields like geoscience, heavy sand mining, materials processing, and pharmaceuticals. A notable exception to this is ferrography, which is a widely-used diagnostic for lubricated tribosystems. In the context of dry wear, it is useful to identify which features of WCP would be beneficial to document, and to identify some techniques and scales of detail appropriate to particular tribosystems. Examples are presented here for the morphological and mechanical characterization of silica sand grains, as prompted by a triboanalysis of the abrasive and erosive wear of biomass pre-processing equipment. The authors propose a minimum level of documentation for WCP, one that can enrich tribosystem analysis both in laboratory tests and field studies.

Original language	English
Article number	204872
Journal	Wear
Volume	530-531
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2023.204872
State	Published - Oct 15 2023

Funding

A portion of this research was sponsored by the Feedstock-Conversion Interface Consortium (FCIC) of the Bioenergy Technologies Office, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), US Department of Energy (DOE). This manuscript has been co-authored by Blau Tribology Consulting and by staff members at UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE- AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The US Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan). The authors also wish to thank James Miller of White Rock Engineering for providing the AFS 50–70 test sand. The authors would like to thank Caitlin Duggan of ORNL for preparing the sand particles for the nanoindentation experiments. The commercial products mentioned in this paper are given for the sake of procedural completeness and do not necessarily constitute an endorsement by the authors. A portion of this research was sponsored by the Feedstock-Conversion Interface Consortium (FCIC) of the Bioenergy Technologies Office, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), US Department of Energy (DOE). This manuscript has been co-authored by Blau Tribology Consulting and by staff members at UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE- AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The US Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan ( http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan ). The authors also wish to thank James Miller of White Rock Engineering for providing the AFS 50–70 test sand. The authors would like to thank Caitlin Duggan of ORNL for preparing the sand particles for the nanoindentation experiments. The commercial products mentioned in this paper are given for the sake of procedural completeness and do not necessarily constitute an endorsement by the authors.

Funders	Funder number
DOE Public Access Plan
Feedstock-Conversion Interface Consortium
U.S. Department of Energy	DE- AC05-00OR22725
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Bioenergy Technologies Office
Government of South Australia

Keywords

Abradants
Biomass
Silica sand
Third-bodies

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10.1016/j.wear.2023.204872

Cite this

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abstract = "Erodants and abradants are two types of wear-causing particles (WCP). Despite their effects on the severity and rate of wear, WCP are inadequately characterized in a surprising number of publications, especially those involving impingement erosion and three-body abrasion. That shortfall makes it difficult to correlate features of WCP with the details of worn surfaces, or to develop wear models that account for those features. It is argued that the documentation of WCP should go beyond simply reporting their composition and mean particle size. In late 1985, ASTM Committee G2 on Wear and Erosion established a task group on the characterization of WCP. At that time, image analysis was slower and less sophisticated than it is today. While that ASTM task group failed to produce a consensus standard, computerized particle characterization methods were developing in fields other than tribology, fields like geoscience, heavy sand mining, materials processing, and pharmaceuticals. A notable exception to this is ferrography, which is a widely-used diagnostic for lubricated tribosystems. In the context of dry wear, it is useful to identify which features of WCP would be beneficial to document, and to identify some techniques and scales of detail appropriate to particular tribosystems. Examples are presented here for the morphological and mechanical characterization of silica sand grains, as prompted by a triboanalysis of the abrasive and erosive wear of biomass pre-processing equipment. The authors propose a minimum level of documentation for WCP, one that can enrich tribosystem analysis both in laboratory tests and field studies.",

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The characterization of wear-causing particles and silica sand in particular

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