The ALICE transition radiation detector: Construction, operation, and performance

ALICE Collaboration

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2017.09.028

The ALICE transition radiation detector: Construction, operation, and performance

ALICE Collaboration

Relativistic Nuclear Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

22 Scopus citations

Abstract

The Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) was designed and built to enhance the capabilities of the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). While aimed at providing electron identification and triggering, the TRD also contributes significantly to the track reconstruction and calibration in the central barrel of ALICE. In this paper the design, construction, operation, and performance of this detector are discussed. A pion rejection factor of up to 410 is achieved at a momentum of 1 GeV/c in p-Pb collisions and the resolution at high transverse momentum improves by about 40% when including the TRD information in track reconstruction. The triggering capability is demonstrated both for jet, light nuclei, and electron selection.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	88-127
Number of pages	40
Journal	Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Volume	881
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2017.09.028
State	Published - Feb 11 2018

Funding

The ALICE Collaboration would like to thank all its engineers and technicians for their invaluable contributions to the construction of the experiment and the CERN accelerator teams for the outstanding performance of the LHC complex. The ALICE Collaboration gratefully acknowledges the resources and support provided by all Grid centres and the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) collaboration. The ALICE Collaboration acknowledges the following funding agencies for their support in building and running the ALICE detector: A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation (ANSL), State Committee of Science and World Federation of Scientists (WFS), Armenia; Austrian Academy of Sciences and Nationalstiftung für Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung, Austria; Ministry of Communications and High Technologies, National Nuclear Research Center, Azerbaijan; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Brazil; Ministry of Science & Technology of China (MSTC), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and Ministry of Education of China (MOEC), China; Ministry of Science, Education and Sport and Croatian Science Foundation, Croatia; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic; The Danish Council for Independent Research Natural Sciences, the Carlsberg Foundation and Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF), Denmark; Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Finland; Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA) and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France; Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (BMBF) and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Germany; General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Education, Research and Religions, Greece; National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary; Department of Atomic Energy Government of India (DAE) and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India; Indonesian Institute of Science, Indonesia; Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy; Institute for Innovative Science and Technology, Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science (IIST), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI and Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia (CONACYT) y Tecnología, through Fondo de Cooperación Internacional en Ciencia y Tecnología (FONCICYT) and Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Academico (DGAPA), Mexico; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Netherlands; The Research Council of Norway, Norway; Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSATS), Pakistan; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Peru; Ministry of Science and Higher Education and National Science Centre, Poland; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), Republic of Korea; Ministry of Education and Scientific Research, Institute of Atomic Physics and Romanian National Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation, Romania; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Russia; Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, Slovakia; National Research Foundation of South Africa, South Africa; Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Cubaenergía, Cuba, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion and Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Spain; Swedish Research Council (VR) and Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW), Sweden; European Organization for Nuclear Research, Switzerland; National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSDTA), Suranaree University of Technology (SUT) and Office of the Higher Education Commission under NRU project of Thailand, Thailand; Turkish Atomic Energy Agency (TAEK), Turkey; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), United Kingdom; National Science Foundation of the United States of America (NSF) and United States Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics (DOE NP), United States of America.

Keywords

Electron-pion identification
Fibre/foam sandwich radiator
Ionisation energy loss
Multi-wire proportional drift chamber
Neural network
TR
Tracking
Transition radiation detector
Trigger
Xenon-based gas mixture
dE/dx

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10.1016/j.nima.2017.09.028

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title = "The ALICE transition radiation detector: Construction, operation, and performance",

abstract = "The Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) was designed and built to enhance the capabilities of the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). While aimed at providing electron identification and triggering, the TRD also contributes significantly to the track reconstruction and calibration in the central barrel of ALICE. In this paper the design, construction, operation, and performance of this detector are discussed. A pion rejection factor of up to 410 is achieved at a momentum of 1 GeV/c in p-Pb collisions and the resolution at high transverse momentum improves by about 40% when including the TRD information in track reconstruction. The triggering capability is demonstrated both for jet, light nuclei, and electron selection.",

keywords = "Electron-pion identification, Fibre/foam sandwich radiator, Ionisation energy loss, Multi-wire proportional drift chamber, Neural network, TR, Tracking, Transition radiation detector, Trigger, Xenon-based gas mixture, dE/dx",

author = "{ALICE Collaboration} and S. Acharya and J. Adam and D. Adamova and C. Adler and J. Adolfsson and Aggarwal, {M. M.} and {Aglieri Rinella}, G. and M. Agnello and N. Agrawal and Z. Ahammed and N. Ahmad and Ahn, {S. U.} and S. Aiola and A. Akindinov and M. Al-Turany and Alam, {S. N.} and D. Antonczyk and A. Arend and Alba, {J. L.B.} and Albuquerque, {D. S.D.} and D. Aleksandrov and B. Alessandro and {Alfaro Molina}, R. and A. Alici and A. Alkin and J. Alme and T. Alt and L. Altenkamper and I. Altsybeev and {Alves Garcia Prado}, C. and C. Andrei and D. Andreou and Andrews, {H. A.} and A. Andronic and V. Anguelov and C. Anson and T. Anti{\v c}i{\'c} and F. Antinori and P. Antonioli and R. Anwar and L. Aphecetche and H. Appelshauser and S. Arcelli and R. Arnaldi and Arnold, {O. W.} and Arsene, {I. C.} and M. Arslandok and F. Bock and Read, {K. F.} and Schmidt, {N. V.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration.",

year = "2018",

month = feb,

day = "11",

doi = "10.1016/j.nima.2017.09.028",

language = "English",

volume = "881",

pages = "88--127",

journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment",

issn = "0168-9002",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - The ALICE transition radiation detector

T2 - Construction, operation, and performance

AU - ALICE Collaboration

AU - Acharya, S.

AU - Adam, J.

AU - Adamova, D.

AU - Adler, C.

AU - Adolfsson, J.

AU - Aggarwal, M. M.

AU - Aglieri Rinella, G.

AU - Agnello, M.

AU - Agrawal, N.

AU - Ahammed, Z.

AU - Ahmad, N.

AU - Ahn, S. U.

AU - Aiola, S.

AU - Akindinov, A.

AU - Al-Turany, M.

AU - Alam, S. N.

AU - Antonczyk, D.

AU - Arend, A.

AU - Alba, J. L.B.

AU - Albuquerque, D. S.D.

AU - Aleksandrov, D.

AU - Alessandro, B.

AU - Alfaro Molina, R.

AU - Alici, A.

AU - Alkin, A.

AU - Alme, J.

AU - Alt, T.

AU - Altenkamper, L.

AU - Altsybeev, I.

AU - Alves Garcia Prado, C.

AU - Andrei, C.

AU - Andreou, D.

AU - Andrews, H. A.

AU - Andronic, A.

AU - Anguelov, V.

AU - Anson, C.

AU - Antičić, T.

AU - Antinori, F.

AU - Antonioli, P.

AU - Anwar, R.

AU - Aphecetche, L.

AU - Appelshauser, H.

AU - Arcelli, S.

AU - Arnaldi, R.

AU - Arnold, O. W.

AU - Arsene, I. C.

AU - Arslandok, M.

AU - Bock, F.

AU - Read, K. F.

AU - Schmidt, N. V.

PY - 2018/2/11

Y1 - 2018/2/11

N2 - The Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) was designed and built to enhance the capabilities of the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). While aimed at providing electron identification and triggering, the TRD also contributes significantly to the track reconstruction and calibration in the central barrel of ALICE. In this paper the design, construction, operation, and performance of this detector are discussed. A pion rejection factor of up to 410 is achieved at a momentum of 1 GeV/c in p-Pb collisions and the resolution at high transverse momentum improves by about 40% when including the TRD information in track reconstruction. The triggering capability is demonstrated both for jet, light nuclei, and electron selection.

AB - The Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) was designed and built to enhance the capabilities of the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). While aimed at providing electron identification and triggering, the TRD also contributes significantly to the track reconstruction and calibration in the central barrel of ALICE. In this paper the design, construction, operation, and performance of this detector are discussed. A pion rejection factor of up to 410 is achieved at a momentum of 1 GeV/c in p-Pb collisions and the resolution at high transverse momentum improves by about 40% when including the TRD information in track reconstruction. The triggering capability is demonstrated both for jet, light nuclei, and electron selection.

KW - Electron-pion identification

KW - Fibre/foam sandwich radiator

KW - Ionisation energy loss

KW - Multi-wire proportional drift chamber

KW - Neural network

KW - TR

KW - Tracking

KW - Transition radiation detector

KW - Trigger

KW - Xenon-based gas mixture

KW - dE/dx

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U2 - 10.1016/j.nima.2017.09.028

DO - 10.1016/j.nima.2017.09.028

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85036470179

SN - 0168-9002

VL - 881

SP - 88

EP - 127

JO - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

JF - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

ER -

The ALICE transition radiation detector: Construction, operation, and performance

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Keywords

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