Testing and Modeling of Functionally Graded Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Using Spark Plasma Sintering and Discrete Powder Layers of Varying Composition

Corson L. Cramer; Hsin Wang; Michael J. Lance; Artem A. Trofimov; Ercan Cakmak; Zhi He Jin

doi:10.1002/pssa.202100483

Testing and Modeling of Functionally Graded Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Using Spark Plasma Sintering and Discrete Powder Layers of Varying Composition

Corson L. Cramer, Hsin Wang, Michael J. Lance, Artem A. Trofimov, Ercan Cakmak, Zhi He Jin

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

4 Scopus citations

Abstract

Functionally graded material (FGM) ZnO is made via spark plasma sintering/field-assisted sintering technique (SPS/FAST) by varying the Al dopant content along the z-axis or pressing direction. A wide range of Al content (0–5 wt%) is used by adding Al powder to nanosized ZnO powder. Thermoelectric (TE) measurements are done on the FGM and individual layers made separately. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows two phases, ZnO and spinel phase (ZnAl₂O₄). High-resolution Raman spectroscopy reveals doped ZnO and spinel phase (ZnAl₂O₄) spatially and shows segregation in the layer with highest Al content. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) reveals noticeable grain growth with decreasing Al content, and there is a common, random preferred orientation in all layers. The tested properties are used to simulate efficiency curves for a discretely graded, five-layer FGM as well as a homogenous material, where both graded structures provide an opportunity to widen the current density ranges and thus the temperature range of useful energy conversion.

Original language	English
Article number	2100483
Journal	Physica Status Solidi (A) Applications and Materials Science
Volume	219
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202100483
State	Published - Jan 2022

Funding

This material is based upon work supported by the USA. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Advanced Manufacturing, under contract number DE‐AC05‐00OR22725. Access to the Raman spectrometer was provided by the Nuclear Nonproliferation Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This material is based upon work supported by the USA. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Advanced Manufacturing, under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725. Access to the Raman spectrometer was provided by the Nuclear Nonproliferation Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

Funders	Funder number
U.S. Department of Energy
Advanced Manufacturing Office	DE‐AC05‐00OR22725
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Oak Ridge National Laboratory

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title = "Testing and Modeling of Functionally Graded Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Using Spark Plasma Sintering and Discrete Powder Layers of Varying Composition",

abstract = "Functionally graded material (FGM) ZnO is made via spark plasma sintering/field-assisted sintering technique (SPS/FAST) by varying the Al dopant content along the z-axis or pressing direction. A wide range of Al content (0–5 wt%) is used by adding Al powder to nanosized ZnO powder. Thermoelectric (TE) measurements are done on the FGM and individual layers made separately. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows two phases, ZnO and spinel phase (ZnAl2O4). High-resolution Raman spectroscopy reveals doped ZnO and spinel phase (ZnAl2O4) spatially and shows segregation in the layer with highest Al content. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) reveals noticeable grain growth with decreasing Al content, and there is a common, random preferred orientation in all layers. The tested properties are used to simulate efficiency curves for a discretely graded, five-layer FGM as well as a homogenous material, where both graded structures provide an opportunity to widen the current density ranges and thus the temperature range of useful energy conversion.",

author = "Cramer, {Corson L.} and Hsin Wang and Lance, {Michael J.} and Trofimov, {Artem A.} and Ercan Cakmak and Jin, {Zhi He}",

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doi = "10.1002/pssa.202100483",

language = "English",

volume = "219",

journal = "Physica Status Solidi (A) Applications and Materials Science",

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Testing and Modeling of Functionally Graded Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Using Spark Plasma Sintering and Discrete Powder Layers of Varying Composition. / Cramer, Corson L.; Wang, Hsin ; Lance, Michael J. et al.
In: Physica Status Solidi (A) Applications and Materials Science, Vol. 219, No. 1, 2100483, 01.2022.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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AU - Cramer, Corson L.

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AU - Lance, Michael J.

AU - Trofimov, Artem A.

AU - Cakmak, Ercan

AU - Jin, Zhi He

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Testing and Modeling of Functionally Graded Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Using Spark Plasma Sintering and Discrete Powder Layers of Varying Composition

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