Test of local realism into the past without detection and locality loopholes

Ming Han Li; Cheng Wu; Yanbao Zhang; Wen Zhao Liu; Bing Bai; Yang Liu; Weijun Zhang; Qi Zhao; Hao Li; Zhen Wang; Lixing You; W. J. Munro; Juan Yin; Jun Zhang; Cheng Zhi Peng; Xiongfeng Ma; Qiang Zhang; Jingyun Fan; Jian Wei Pan

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.080404

Test of local realism into the past without detection and locality loopholes

Ming Han Li, Cheng Wu, Yanbao Zhang, Wen Zhao Liu, Bing Bai, Yang Liu, Weijun Zhang, Qi Zhao, Hao Li, Zhen Wang, Lixing You, W. J. Munro, Juan Yin, Jun Zhang, Cheng Zhi Peng, Xiongfeng Ma, Qiang Zhang, Jingyun Fan, Jian Wei Pan

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66 Scopus citations

Abstract

Inspired by the recent remarkable progress in the experimental test of local realism, we report here such a test that achieves an efficiency greater than (78%)2 for entangled photon pairs separated by 183 m. Further utilizing the randomness in cosmic photons from pairs of stars on the opposite sides of the sky for the measurement setting choices, we not only close the locality and detection loopholes simultaneously, but also test the null hypothesis against local hidden variable mechanisms for events that took place 11 years ago (13 orders of magnitude longer than previous experiments). After considering the bias in measurement setting choices, we obtain an upper bound on the p value of 7.87×10-4, which clearly indicates the rejection with high confidence of potential local hidden variable models. One may further push the time constraint on local hidden variable mechanisms deep into the cosmic history by taking advantage of the randomness in photon emissions from quasars with large aperture telescopes.

Original language	English
Article number	080404
Journal	Physical Review Letters
Volume	121
Issue number	8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.080404
State	Published - Aug 20 2018
Externally published	Yes

Funding

Y. Zhang would like to thank E. Knill for the stimulating discussions about the PBR analysis method. This work has been supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0303900, 2017YFA0304000), National Fundamental Research Program, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Funders	Funder number
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Chinese Academy of Sciences
National Key Research and Development Program of China	2017YFA0304000, 2017YFA0303900

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10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.080404

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Li, M. H., Wu, C., Zhang, Y., Liu, W. Z., Bai, B., Liu, Y., Zhang, W., Zhao, Q., Li, H., Wang, Z., You, L., Munro, W. J., Yin, J., Zhang, J., Peng, C. Z., Ma, X., Zhang, Q., Fan, J., & Pan, J. W. (2018). Test of local realism into the past without detection and locality loopholes. Physical Review Letters, 121(8), Article 080404. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.080404

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abstract = "Inspired by the recent remarkable progress in the experimental test of local realism, we report here such a test that achieves an efficiency greater than (78%)2 for entangled photon pairs separated by 183 m. Further utilizing the randomness in cosmic photons from pairs of stars on the opposite sides of the sky for the measurement setting choices, we not only close the locality and detection loopholes simultaneously, but also test the null hypothesis against local hidden variable mechanisms for events that took place 11 years ago (13 orders of magnitude longer than previous experiments). After considering the bias in measurement setting choices, we obtain an upper bound on the p value of 7.87×10-4, which clearly indicates the rejection with high confidence of potential local hidden variable models. One may further push the time constraint on local hidden variable mechanisms deep into the cosmic history by taking advantage of the randomness in photon emissions from quasars with large aperture telescopes.",

author = "Li, {Ming Han} and Cheng Wu and Yanbao Zhang and Liu, {Wen Zhao} and Bing Bai and Yang Liu and Weijun Zhang and Qi Zhao and Hao Li and Zhen Wang and Lixing You and Munro, {W. J.} and Juan Yin and Jun Zhang and Peng, {Cheng Zhi} and Xiongfeng Ma and Qiang Zhang and Jingyun Fan and Pan, {Jian Wei}",

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AU - Zhang, Weijun

AU - Zhao, Qi

AU - Li, Hao

AU - Wang, Zhen

AU - You, Lixing

AU - Munro, W. J.

AU - Yin, Juan

AU - Zhang, Jun

AU - Peng, Cheng Zhi

AU - Ma, Xiongfeng

AU - Zhang, Qiang

AU - Fan, Jingyun

AU - Pan, Jian Wei

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Test of local realism into the past without detection and locality loopholes

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