Abstract
Spatially resolved time and voltage-dependent polarization dynamics in PbTiO3 thin films is explored using dynamic piezoresponse force microscopy (D-PFM) in conjunction with interferometric displacement sensing. This approach gives rise to 4D data sets containing information on bias-dependent relaxation dynamics at each spatial location without long-range electrostatic artifacts. To interpret these data sets in the absence of defined physical models, we employ a non-negative tensor factorization method which clearly presents the data as a product of simple behaviors allowing for direct physics interpretation. Correspondingly, we perform phase-field modeling finding the existence of ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ domain wall edges. This approach can be extended to other multidimensional spectroscopies for which even exploratory data analysis leads to unsatisfactory results due to many components in the decomposition.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 113 |
Journal | npj Computational Materials |
Volume | 6 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Dec 1 2020 |
Funding
The experimental portion of this work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division (R.K.V., K.K.). A portion of this research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which also provided support (S.J., S.V.K.) and is a US DOE Office of Science User Facility. The algorithm portion was sponsored (R.K.) by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). This research used resources of the Compute and Data Environment for Science (CADES) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. This work was partially supported by the JSPSKAKENHI Grant Nos. 15H04121, and 26220907 (H.F.).
Funders | Funder number |
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Data Environment for Science | |
JSPSKAKENHI | 26220907, 15H04121 |
U.S Department of Energy | |
U.S. Department of Energy | |
Office of Science | |
Basic Energy Sciences | |
Oak Ridge National Laboratory | |
Cades Foundation | |
Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering |