Abstract
Single-phase solid-solution refractory high-entropy alloys (HEAs) show remarkable mechanical properties, such as their high yield strength and substantial softening resistance at elevated temperatures. Hence, the in-depth study of the deformation behavior for body-centered cubic (BCC) refractory HEAs is a critical issue to explore the uncovered/unique deformation mechanisms. We have investigated the elastic and plastic deformation behaviors of a single BCC NbTaTiV refractory HEA at elevated temperatures using integrated experimental efforts and theoretical calculations. The in situ neutron diffraction results reveal a temperature-dependent elastic anisotropic deformation behavior. The single-crystal elastic moduli and macroscopic Young’s, shear, and bulk moduli were determined from the in situ neutron diffraction, showing great agreement with first-principles calculations, machine learning, and resonant ultrasound spectroscopy results. Furthermore, the edge dislocation–dominant plastic deformation behaviors, which are different from conventional BCC alloys, were quantitatively described by the Williamson-Hall plot profile modeling and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | eaaz4748 |
| Journal | Science Advances |
| Volume | 6 |
| Issue number | 37 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Sep 2020 |
Funding
We would like to thank J. Brechtl, H. Choo, and Y. Chen for assistance with the experiments, respectively. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor LRST, nor any of their employees makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. The research was supported by the U.S. Army Office Project (W911NF-13-1-0438 and W911NF-19-2-0049) with the program managers, M. P. Bakas, D. M. Stepp, and S. Mathaudhu, and the material was developed. P.K.L. also thanks the support from the NSF (DMR-1611180 and 1809640) with the program directors, J. Yang, G. Shiflet, and D. Farkas, and the neutron work was conducted. C.L. and B.L.M. would like to acknowledge the partial support from the Center of Materials Processing with C. Rawn as the director, a Tennessee Higher Education Commission (THEC) Center of Excellence located at The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. A portion of research at the ORNL’s Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by the trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of the authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. Y.-C.C. thanks the funding from the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan under grant no. MOST-109-2636-M-009-002, the core facility support at the National Chiao Tung University (NCTU) from the MOST. Y.-C.C. thanks the partial support from the “Center for the Semiconductor Technology Research” from The Featured Areas Research Center Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan and supported, in part, by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, under grant MOST 109-2634-F-009-029. M.C.G. acknowledges the support from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Fossil Energy Cross-Cutting Technologies Program at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) under the RSS contract no. 89243318CFE000003. Furthermore, the present work was supported by the Basic Research Laboratory Program through the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea (2019R1A4A1026125) and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (no. 2020R1C1C1005553). W.C. and G.K. acknowledge the support from the NSF under grant nos. OAC-1940114 and DMR-1945380. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by NSF grant no. ACI-1548562. This work was partially funded by the Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, an agency of the U.S. Government, through a support contract with Leidos Research Support Team (LRST).
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| LRST | |
| Scientific User Facilities Division | |
| Semiconductor Technology Research | |
| National Science Foundation | DMR-1611180, 1940114, 1945380, 1809640 |
| U.S. Department of Energy | |
| Office of Science | DE-AC02-05CH11231, ACI-1548562 |
| Basic Energy Sciences | |
| Oak Ridge National Laboratory | |
| U.S. Army | W911NF-19-2-0049, W911NF-13-1-0438 |
| University of Tennessee | |
| National Energy Technology Laboratory | 89243318CFE000003 |
| Tennessee Higher Education Commission | |
| Ministry of Education | 2019R1A4A1026125 |
| Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning | OAC-1940114, DMR-1945380, 2020R1C1C1005553 |
| National Research Foundation of Korea | |
| Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan | MOST 109-2634-F-009-029, MOST-109-2636-M-009-002 |
| National Chiao Tung University |