Techno-economic analysis of non-aqueous hybrid redox flow batteries

Zhiguang Li, Xiaoting Fang, Lei Cheng, Xiaoliang Wei, Lu Zhang

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

7 Scopus citations

Abstract

Renewable energy has become indispensable to improving human life, but its growth is hampered by a lack of cost-effective energy storage systems to solve the intermittency problem. Non-aqueous hybrid redox flow batteries (NAqHRFBs), based on lithium metal anode and organic redox molecules (redoxmers), have been investigated as an attractive energy storage option because of their high cell voltages and energy densities compared to other redox flow battery candidates. However, little is known about the economic potential of NAqHRFBs, as well as the operational and materials impacts. This work establishes a techno-economic model to analyze the capital costs of NAqHRFBs with selected organic redoxmers, including 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO). Sensitivity analyses for current density, area-specific resistance, cell voltage, electrolyte composition, redoxmer price, and equivalent molecular weight indicate the key factors in controlling NAqHRFB capital cost. To make the current NAqHRFB cost-effective, the first priority is to increase the operation current density over 10 times of those used in lab-scale tests, followed by adjusting redoxmer-related characteristics to afford more cost reduction space such as decreasing the unit price by ∼20 fold. The results have shed light on potential material development and system engineering directions to make NAqHRFBs viable for renewable energy storage.

Original languageEnglish
Article number231493
JournalJournal of Power Sources
Volume536
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 15 2022
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Capital cost
  • Nonaqueous redox flow battery
  • Sensitivity analysis
  • TEMPO
  • Techno-economic model

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