Tailoring Interfacial Interactions via Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles Improves Performance of Parts Created by 3D Printing

Dayton P. Street; Adeline Huizhen Mah; William K. Ledford; Steven Patterson; James A. Bergman; Bradley S. Lokitz; Deanna L. Pickel; Jamie M. Messman; Gila E. Stein; S. Michael Kilbey

doi:10.1021/acsapm.9b01195

Tailoring Interfacial Interactions via Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles Improves Performance of Parts Created by 3D Printing

Dayton P. Street, Adeline Huizhen Mah, William K. Ledford, Steven Patterson, James A. Bergman, Bradley S. Lokitz, Deanna L. Pickel, Jamie M. Messman, Gila E. Stein, S. Michael Kilbey

Center for Nanophase Matls Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

16 Scopus citations

Abstract

Decorating nanoparticle surfaces with end-tethered chains provides a way to mediate interfacial interactions in polymer nanocomposites. Here, polymer-grafted nanoparticles are investigated for their impact on the performance of polymer structures created by fused filament fabrication (FFF). The nanoscale organization of poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted nanoparticles (PMMA-g-NPs) in PMMA matrices is examined via small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). SAXS data indicate that all nanocomposites exhibit particle-particle interactions, indicating that nanoparticles are locally clustered. Additionally, increasing the loading level of PMMA-g-NPs produces modest changes in Tg but significant increases in the complex viscosity and storage modulus, suggesting that the number density of entanglements between graft chains and the matrix polymer increases with increasing PMMA-g-NP content. Increasing the number density of entanglements and the formation of localized clusters manifest at the macroscale: Dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile testing show that FFF-printed PMMA-g-NPs/PMMA nanocomposites display a 65% increase in the Young's modulus, 116% increase in the ultimate tensile strength, and a 120% increase in the storage modulus compared to parts printed with pure (unfilled) PMMA. This research effort highlights how interfacial engineering can be used to enhance interactions on the nanoscale and improve the macroscopic properties of parts printed by FFF.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1312-1324
Number of pages	13
Journal	ACS Applied Polymer Materials
Volume	2
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.9b01195
State	Published - Mar 13 2020

Funding

The authors acknowledge financial support of this work from The Department of Energy’s Kansas City National Security Campus, which is operated and managed by Honeywell Federal Manufacturing & Technologies, LLC, under Contract DE-NA-0002839. Contributions to the work by D.L.P. were enabled by an R.E.T. component associated with an award from the National Science Foundation (Award CBET-1512221). A.H.M. and G.E.S. acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation (Award CMMI-1740457). This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors thank Byeongdu Lee for assistance with SAXS measurements. Rheology and DMA measurements were completed at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, a User Facility sponsored by DOE Office of Science.

Funders	Funder number
Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
National Science Foundation	CBET-1512221, CMMI-1740457
U.S. Department of Energy	DE-NA-0002839
Office of Science
Argonne National Laboratory	DE-AC02-06CH11357

Keywords

3D printing
polymer grafting
polymer nanocomposite
small-angle X-ray scattering
thermomechanical properties

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1021/acsapm.9b01195

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title = "Tailoring Interfacial Interactions via Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles Improves Performance of Parts Created by 3D Printing",

abstract = "Decorating nanoparticle surfaces with end-tethered chains provides a way to mediate interfacial interactions in polymer nanocomposites. Here, polymer-grafted nanoparticles are investigated for their impact on the performance of polymer structures created by fused filament fabrication (FFF). The nanoscale organization of poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted nanoparticles (PMMA-g-NPs) in PMMA matrices is examined via small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). SAXS data indicate that all nanocomposites exhibit particle-particle interactions, indicating that nanoparticles are locally clustered. Additionally, increasing the loading level of PMMA-g-NPs produces modest changes in Tg but significant increases in the complex viscosity and storage modulus, suggesting that the number density of entanglements between graft chains and the matrix polymer increases with increasing PMMA-g-NP content. Increasing the number density of entanglements and the formation of localized clusters manifest at the macroscale: Dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile testing show that FFF-printed PMMA-g-NPs/PMMA nanocomposites display a 65% increase in the Young's modulus, 116% increase in the ultimate tensile strength, and a 120% increase in the storage modulus compared to parts printed with pure (unfilled) PMMA. This research effort highlights how interfacial engineering can be used to enhance interactions on the nanoscale and improve the macroscopic properties of parts printed by FFF.",

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AU - Mah, Adeline Huizhen

AU - Ledford, William K.

AU - Patterson, Steven

AU - Bergman, James A.

AU - Lokitz, Bradley S.

AU - Pickel, Deanna L.

AU - Messman, Jamie M.

AU - Stein, Gila E.

AU - Kilbey, S. Michael

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Tailoring Interfacial Interactions via Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles Improves Performance of Parts Created by 3D Printing

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

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