Tailored crosslinking of Poly(ethylene oxide) enables mechanical robustness and improved sodium-ion conductivity

Michelle L. Lehmann; Guang Yang; Dustin Gilmer; Kee Sung Han; Ethan C. Self; Rose E. Ruther; Sirui Ge; Bingrui Li; Vijayakumar Murugesan; Alexei P. Sokolov; Frank M. Delnick; Jagjit Nanda; Tomonori Saito

doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2019.06.028

Tailored crosslinking of Poly(ethylene oxide) enables mechanical robustness and improved sodium-ion conductivity

Michelle L. Lehmann
, Guang Yang
, Dustin Gilmer
, Kee Sung Han
, Ethan C. Self
, Rose E. Ruther
, Sirui Ge
, Bingrui Li
, Vijayakumar Murugesan
, Alexei P. Sokolov
, Frank M. Delnick
, Jagjit Nanda
, Tomonori Saito

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

59 Scopus citations

Abstract

Sodium-based energy storage systems are promising candidates for electric vehicles and grid-level energy storage applications. The advancement of sodium-based energy storage systems relies on the development of high performance sodium-ion conducting electrolytes and membranes that exhibit high ionic conductivity and mechanical stability. A crosslinked poly(ethylene oxide) based polymer electrolyte was developed that demonstrates high ionic conductivity, as well as excellent mechanical stability over a wide temperature range. Ionic conductivities up to 2.0 × 10⁻⁴ S/cm at 20 °C and 7.1 × 10⁻⁴ S/cm at 70 °C are achieved for the plasticized membrane, almost four orders of magnitude greater than that of the non-plasticized membrane. The membranes are mechanically robust, and the storage modulus of the membrane is maintained at ∼1 MPa from −20 to 180 °C even with the addition of plasticizer. This study provides a synthesis approach towards the design of highly ion conducting, mechanically robust gel polymer electrolytes for Na-ion batteries, non-aqueous flow batteries, and many other applications.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	85-96
Number of pages	12
Journal	Energy Storage Materials
Volume	21
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2019.06.028
State	Published - Sep 2019

Funding

This work is funded by Dr. Imre Gyuk, Office of Electricity Delivery and Reliability , Department of Energy and the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory , managed by UT-Battelle , LLC . SG, BL, and APS acknowledge partial financial support on DMA and rheology measurements by the U.S. Department of Energy , Office of Science , Basic Energy Sciences , Materials Sciences and Engineering Division . NMR experiments were performed at EMSL, a DOE Office of Science user facility sponsored by the DOE BER and located at PNNL. We also thank Huntsman Corporation for providing us Jeffamine ® .

Keywords

Conductivity
Mechanical robustness
Poly(ethylene oxide)
Polymer electrolyte
Sodium-ion battery

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10.1016/j.ensm.2019.06.028

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title = "Tailored crosslinking of Poly(ethylene oxide) enables mechanical robustness and improved sodium-ion conductivity",

abstract = "Sodium-based energy storage systems are promising candidates for electric vehicles and grid-level energy storage applications. The advancement of sodium-based energy storage systems relies on the development of high performance sodium-ion conducting electrolytes and membranes that exhibit high ionic conductivity and mechanical stability. A crosslinked poly(ethylene oxide) based polymer electrolyte was developed that demonstrates high ionic conductivity, as well as excellent mechanical stability over a wide temperature range. Ionic conductivities up to 2.0 × 10−4 S/cm at 20 °C and 7.1 × 10−4 S/cm at 70 °C are achieved for the plasticized membrane, almost four orders of magnitude greater than that of the non-plasticized membrane. The membranes are mechanically robust, and the storage modulus of the membrane is maintained at ∼1 MPa from −20 to 180 °C even with the addition of plasticizer. This study provides a synthesis approach towards the design of highly ion conducting, mechanically robust gel polymer electrolytes for Na-ion batteries, non-aqueous flow batteries, and many other applications.",

keywords = "Conductivity, Mechanical robustness, Poly(ethylene oxide), Polymer electrolyte, Sodium-ion battery",

author = "Lehmann, \{Michelle L.\} and Guang Yang and Dustin Gilmer and Han, \{Kee Sung\} and Self, \{Ethan C.\} and Ruther, \{Rose E.\} and Sirui Ge and Bingrui Li and Vijayakumar Murugesan and Sokolov, \{Alexei P.\} and Delnick, \{Frank M.\} and Jagjit Nanda and Tomonori Saito",

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year = "2019",

month = sep,

doi = "10.1016/j.ensm.2019.06.028",

language = "English",

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AU - Lehmann, Michelle L.

AU - Yang, Guang

AU - Gilmer, Dustin

AU - Han, Kee Sung

AU - Self, Ethan C.

AU - Ruther, Rose E.

AU - Ge, Sirui

AU - Li, Bingrui

AU - Murugesan, Vijayakumar

AU - Sokolov, Alexei P.

AU - Delnick, Frank M.

AU - Nanda, Jagjit

AU - Saito, Tomonori

PY - 2019/9

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N2 - Sodium-based energy storage systems are promising candidates for electric vehicles and grid-level energy storage applications. The advancement of sodium-based energy storage systems relies on the development of high performance sodium-ion conducting electrolytes and membranes that exhibit high ionic conductivity and mechanical stability. A crosslinked poly(ethylene oxide) based polymer electrolyte was developed that demonstrates high ionic conductivity, as well as excellent mechanical stability over a wide temperature range. Ionic conductivities up to 2.0 × 10−4 S/cm at 20 °C and 7.1 × 10−4 S/cm at 70 °C are achieved for the plasticized membrane, almost four orders of magnitude greater than that of the non-plasticized membrane. The membranes are mechanically robust, and the storage modulus of the membrane is maintained at ∼1 MPa from −20 to 180 °C even with the addition of plasticizer. This study provides a synthesis approach towards the design of highly ion conducting, mechanically robust gel polymer electrolytes for Na-ion batteries, non-aqueous flow batteries, and many other applications.

AB - Sodium-based energy storage systems are promising candidates for electric vehicles and grid-level energy storage applications. The advancement of sodium-based energy storage systems relies on the development of high performance sodium-ion conducting electrolytes and membranes that exhibit high ionic conductivity and mechanical stability. A crosslinked poly(ethylene oxide) based polymer electrolyte was developed that demonstrates high ionic conductivity, as well as excellent mechanical stability over a wide temperature range. Ionic conductivities up to 2.0 × 10−4 S/cm at 20 °C and 7.1 × 10−4 S/cm at 70 °C are achieved for the plasticized membrane, almost four orders of magnitude greater than that of the non-plasticized membrane. The membranes are mechanically robust, and the storage modulus of the membrane is maintained at ∼1 MPa from −20 to 180 °C even with the addition of plasticizer. This study provides a synthesis approach towards the design of highly ion conducting, mechanically robust gel polymer electrolytes for Na-ion batteries, non-aqueous flow batteries, and many other applications.

KW - Conductivity

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KW - Poly(ethylene oxide)

KW - Polymer electrolyte

KW - Sodium-ion battery

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M3 - Article

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SP - 85

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JO - Energy Storage Materials

JF - Energy Storage Materials

ER -

Tailored crosslinking of Poly(ethylene oxide) enables mechanical robustness and improved sodium-ion conductivity

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