Abstract
Measurements of the pT-dependent flow vector fluctuations in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02TeV using azimuthal correlations with the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider are presented. A four-particle correlation approach [ALICE Collaboration, Phys. Rev. C 107, L051901 (2023)2469-998510.1103/PhysRevC.107.L051901] is used to quantify the effects of flow angle and magnitude fluctuations separately. This paper extends previous studies to additional centrality intervals and provides measurements of the pT-dependent flow vector fluctuations at sNN=5.02TeV with two-particle correlations. Significant pT-dependent fluctuations of the V - 2 flow vector in Pb-Pb collisions are found across different centrality ranges, with the largest fluctuations of up to ∼15% being present in the 5% most central collisions. In parallel, no evidence of significant pT-dependent fluctuations of V - 3 or V - 4 is found. Additionally, evidence of flow angle and magnitude fluctuations is observed with more than 5σ significance in central collisions. These observations in Pb-Pb collisions indicate where the classical picture of hydrodynamic modeling with a common symmetry plane breaks down. This has implications for hard probes at high pT, which might be biased by pT-dependent flow angle fluctuations of at least 23% in central collisions. Given the presented results, existing theoretical models should be reexamined to improve our understanding of initial conditions, quark-gluon plasma properties, and the dynamic evolution of the created system.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 065202 |
| Journal | Physical Review C |
| Volume | 109 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jun 2024 |
Funding
The ALICE Collaboration would like to thank all its engineers and technicians for their invaluable contributions to the construction of the experiment and the CERN accelerator teams for the outstanding performance of the LHC complex. The ALICE Collaboration gratefully acknowledges the resources and support provided by all Grid Centers and the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) Collaboration. The ALICE Collaboration acknowledges the following funding agencies for their support in building and running the ALICE detector: A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation (ANSL), State Committee of Science and World Federation of Scientists (WFS), Armenia; Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austrian Science Fund (FWF): [M 2467-N36], and Nationalstiftung f\u00FCr Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung, Austria; Ministry of Communications and High Technologies, National Nuclear Research Center, Azerbaijan; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00EDfico e Tecnol\u00F3gico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep), Funda\u00E7\u00E3o de Amparo \u00E0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00E3o Paulo (FAPESP), and Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, within the National Roadmap for Research Infrastructures 2020\u20132027 (object CERN), Bulgaria; Ministry of Education of China (MOEC), Ministry of Science & Technology of China (MSTC), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), China; Ministry of Science and Education and Croatian Science Foundation, Croatia; Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnol\u00F3gicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Cubaenerg\u00EDa, Cuba; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic; the Danish Council for Independent Research | Natural Sciences, the VILLUM FONDEN and Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF), Denmark; Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Finland; Commissariat \u00E0 l'Energie Atomique (CEA) and Institut National de Physique Nucl\u00E9aire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France; Bundesministerium f\u00FCr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) and GSI Helmholtzzentrum f\u00FCr Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Germany; General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Education, Research and Religions, Greece; National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary; Department of Atomic Energy Government of India (DAE), Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (DST), University Grants Commission, Government of India (UGC), and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India; National Research and Innovation Agency \u2013 BRIN, Indonesia; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy; Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI, Japan; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia (CONACYT) y Tecnolog\u00EDa, through Fondo de Cooperaci\u00F3n Internacional en Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00EDa (FONCICYT) and Direcci\u00F3n General de Asuntos del Personal Academico (DGAPA), Mexico; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Netherlands; Research Council of Norway, Norway; Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00F3lica del Per\u00FA, Peru; Ministry of Education and Science, National Science Centre and WUT ID-UB, Poland; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), Republic of Korea; Ministry of Education and Scientific Research, Institute of Atomic Physics, Ministry of Research and Innovation and Institute of Atomic Physics and Universitatea Nationala de Stiinta si Tehnologie Politehnica Bucuresti, Romania; Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, Slovakia; National Research Foundation of South Africa, South Africa; Swedish Research Council (VR) and Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW), Sweden; European Organization for Nuclear Research, Switzerland; Suranaree University of Technology (SUT), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), and National Science, Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF via PMU-B B05F650021), Thailand; Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency (TENMAK), Turkey; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), United Kingdom; National Science Foundation of the United States of America (NSF) and United States Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics (DOE NP), United States of America. In addition, individual groups or members have received support from the Czech Science Foundation (Grant No. 23-07499S), Czech Republic; European Research Council (Grant No. 950692), European Union; ICSC \u2013 Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data, and Quantum Computing, European Union \u2013 NextGenerationEU; and Academy of Finland (Center of Excellence in Quark Matter) (Grants No. 346327 and No. 346328), Finland. The ALICE Collaboration would like to thank all its engineers and technicians for their invaluable contributions to the construction of the experiment and the CERN accelerator teams for the outstanding performance of the LHC complex. The ALICE Collaboration gratefully acknowledges the resources and support provided by all Grid Centers and the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) Collaboration. The ALICE Collaboration acknowledges the following funding agencies for their support in building and running the ALICE detector: A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation (ANSL), State Committee of Science and World Federation of Scientists (WFS), Armenia; Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austrian Science Fund (FWF): [M 2467-N36], and Nationalstiftung fur Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung, Austria; Ministry of Communications and High Technologies, National Nuclear Research Center, Azerbaijan; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient-fico e Tecnolgico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep), Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), and Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, within the National Roadmap for Research Infrastructures 2020-2027 (object CERN), Bulgaria; Ministry of Education of China (MOEC), Ministry of Science & Technology of China (MSTC), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), China; Ministry of Science and Education and Croatian Science Foundation, Croatia; Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnolgicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Cubaenerg-a, Cuba; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic; the Danish Council for Independent Research | Natural Sciences, the VILLUM FONDEN and Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF), Denmark; Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Finland; Commissariat l'Energie Atomique (CEA) and Institut National de Physique Nuclaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) and GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Germany; General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Education, Research and Religions, Greece; National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary; Department of Atomic Energy Government of India (DAE), Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (DST), University Grants Commission, Government of India (UGC), and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India; National Research and Innovation Agency - BRIN, Indonesia; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy; Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI, Japan; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia (CONACYT) y Tecnolog-a, through Fondo de Cooperacin Internacional en Ciencia y Tecnolog-a (FONCICYT) and Direccin General de Asuntos del Personal Academico (DGAPA), Mexico; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Netherlands; Research Council of Norway, Norway; Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Per, Peru; Ministry of Education and Science, National Science Centre and WUT ID-UB, Poland; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), Republic of Korea; Ministry of Education and Scientific Research, Institute of Atomic Physics, Ministry of Research and Innovation and Institute of Atomic Physics and Universitatea Nationala de Stiinta si Tehnologie Politehnica Bucuresti, Romania; Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, Slovakia; National Research Foundation of South Africa, South Africa; Swedish Research Council (VR) and Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW), Sweden; European Organization for Nuclear Research, Switzerland; Suranaree University of Technology (SUT), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), and National Science, Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF via PMU-B B05F650021), Thailand; Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency (TENMAK), Turkey; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), United Kingdom; National Science Foundation of the United States of America (NSF) and United States Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics (DOE NP), United States of America. In addition, individual groups or members have received support from the Czech Science Foundation (Grant No. 23-07499S), Czech Republic; European Research Council (Grant No. 950692), European Union; ICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data, and Quantum Computing, European Union - NextGenerationEU; and Academy of Finland (Center of Excellence in Quark Matter) (Grants No. 346327 and No. 346328), Finland.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India | |
| State Committee of Science and World Federation | |
| Ministry of Communications and High Technologies | |
| Ministry of Education and Science | |
| Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India | |
| National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine | |
| National Science and Technology Development Agency | |
| National Research Foundation of Korea | |
| Villum Fonden | |
| National Science, Research and Innovation Fund | |
| Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China | |
| Narodowe Centrum Nauki | |
| University Grants Commission | |
| Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules | |
| Science and Technology Facilities Council | |
| Institute of Atomic Physics and Universitatea Nationala de Stiinta si Tehnologie Politehnica Bucuresti | |
| General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Education, Research and Religions | |
| Japan Society for the Promotion of Science | |
| Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek | |
| Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information | |
| Nationalstiftung fur Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung | |
| Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse | |
| Ministry of Science and Education and Croatian Science Foundation | |
| Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare | |
| Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos | |
| Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation | |
| Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India | |
| Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías | |
| Norges Forskningsråd | |
| Yerevan Physics Institute | |
| Natur og Univers, Det Frie Forskningsråd | |
| Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique | |
| Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México | |
| Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung | |
| Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives | |
| Danmarks Grundforskningsfond | |
| Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico | |
| Czech Republic | |
| Suranaree University of Technology | |
| Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear | |
| Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu | |
| Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal | |
| Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research | |
| European Commission | |
| GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung | |
| U.S. Department of Energy | |
| International Council of Shopping Centers | |
| Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo | |
| National Nuclear Research Center | |
| WUT ID-UB | |
| Institutul de Fizică Atomică | |
| Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China | |
| Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport | |
| Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep), Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo | |
| Helsinki Institute of Physics | |
| Fondo de Cooperación Internacional en Ciencia y Tecnología | |
| Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul | |
| Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften | |
| University Grants Commission, Government of India | |
| National Research Foundation | |
| Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional | |
| CERN | |
| Centro Nazionale di Ricerca | |
| Nuclear Physics | |
| Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy | |
| Vetenskapsrådet | |
| Österreichische Nationalstiftung für Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung | |
| Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú | |
| Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology | |
| National Natural Science Foundation of China | |
| Austrian Science Fund | M 2467-N36 |
| Grantová Agentura České Republiky | 23-07499S |
| European Research Council | 950692 |
| NSRF | B05F650021 |
| Research Council of Finland | 346328, 346327 |