48Ca(p,pn)47Ca linac production for the preparation of a 47Ca/47Sc generator

Michael D. Phipps; Pavithra H.A. Kankanamalage; Wilson Lin; Richard E. Darienzo; Lisa Muench; Christopher Vitkun; Dmitri G. Medvedev; Cathy S. Cutler

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112267

⁴⁸Ca(p,pn)⁴⁷Ca linac production for the preparation of a ⁴⁷Ca/⁴⁷Sc generator

Michael D. Phipps
, Pavithra H.A. Kankanamalage
, Wilson Lin
, Richard E. Darienzo
, Lisa Muench
, Christopher Vitkun
, Dmitri G. Medvedev
, Cathy S. Cutler

Medical Isotopes and Development

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

The production of ⁴⁷Sc via the nuclear reaction ⁴⁸Ca(p,pn)⁴⁷Ca→(β-, T_1/2 = 4.54 d)⁴⁷Sc and the assembly of a⁴⁷Ca/⁴⁷Sc generator system has been investigated at Brookhaven National Laboratory. To produce ⁴⁷Ca, a pressed ^natCaCl₂ target was irradiated with a proton beam at energy on target of 27.5 MeV at Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer. Irradiated targets were dissolved in water and then acidified with concentrated HCl before separation using extraction chromatography through a diglycolamide (DGA) resin column. After ingrowth, ⁴⁷Sc was collected at >90 % with low contamination from both nonradioactive metals and coproduced radionuclides. A total of four ⁴⁷Ca/⁴⁷Sc separations were performed with 6–7 days between the irradiation and the separation to allow the equilibration of the ingrowing ⁴⁷Sc.

Original language	English
Article number	112267
Journal	Applied Radiation and Isotopes
Volume	228
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112267
State	Published - Feb 2026

Funding

This manuscript was authored by Brookhaven Science Associates under contract DE-SC0012704 for the Department of Energy. The authors would like to thank core R&D ST7001010 and DOE IP ST5001020 for the funding that supported this work. Pavithra H. A. Kankanamalage has since moved to Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tennessee after working on the project discussed in this manuscript. Richard Darienzo has since moved to Stony Brook University Honors College in Stony Brook New York and is also a member of the Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education in Gothenburg, Sweden.

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10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112267

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title = "48Ca(p,pn)47Ca linac production for the preparation of a 47Ca/47Sc generator",

abstract = "The production of 47Sc via the nuclear reaction 48Ca(p,pn)47Ca→(β-, T1/2 = 4.54 d)47Sc and the assembly of a47Ca/47Sc generator system has been investigated at Brookhaven National Laboratory. To produce 47Ca, a pressed natCaCl2 target was irradiated with a proton beam at energy on target of 27.5 MeV at Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer. Irradiated targets were dissolved in water and then acidified with concentrated HCl before separation using extraction chromatography through a diglycolamide (DGA) resin column. After ingrowth, 47Sc was collected at >90 \% with low contamination from both nonradioactive metals and coproduced radionuclides. A total of four 47Ca/47Sc separations were performed with 6–7 days between the irradiation and the separation to allow the equilibration of the ingrowing 47Sc.",

author = "Phipps, \{Michael D.\} and Kankanamalage, \{Pavithra H.A.\} and Wilson Lin and Darienzo, \{Richard E.\} and Lisa Muench and Christopher Vitkun and Medvedev, \{Dmitri G.\} and Cutler, \{Cathy S.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025",

year = "2026",

month = feb,

doi = "10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112267",

language = "English",

volume = "228",

journal = "Applied Radiation and Isotopes",

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T1 - 48Ca(p,pn)47Ca linac production for the preparation of a 47Ca/47Sc generator

AU - Phipps, Michael D.

AU - Kankanamalage, Pavithra H.A.

AU - Lin, Wilson

AU - Darienzo, Richard E.

AU - Muench, Lisa

AU - Vitkun, Christopher

AU - Medvedev, Dmitri G.

AU - Cutler, Cathy S.

PY - 2026/2

Y1 - 2026/2

N2 - The production of 47Sc via the nuclear reaction 48Ca(p,pn)47Ca→(β-, T1/2 = 4.54 d)47Sc and the assembly of a47Ca/47Sc generator system has been investigated at Brookhaven National Laboratory. To produce 47Ca, a pressed natCaCl2 target was irradiated with a proton beam at energy on target of 27.5 MeV at Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer. Irradiated targets were dissolved in water and then acidified with concentrated HCl before separation using extraction chromatography through a diglycolamide (DGA) resin column. After ingrowth, 47Sc was collected at >90 % with low contamination from both nonradioactive metals and coproduced radionuclides. A total of four 47Ca/47Sc separations were performed with 6–7 days between the irradiation and the separation to allow the equilibration of the ingrowing 47Sc.

AB - The production of 47Sc via the nuclear reaction 48Ca(p,pn)47Ca→(β-, T1/2 = 4.54 d)47Sc and the assembly of a47Ca/47Sc generator system has been investigated at Brookhaven National Laboratory. To produce 47Ca, a pressed natCaCl2 target was irradiated with a proton beam at energy on target of 27.5 MeV at Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer. Irradiated targets were dissolved in water and then acidified with concentrated HCl before separation using extraction chromatography through a diglycolamide (DGA) resin column. After ingrowth, 47Sc was collected at >90 % with low contamination from both nonradioactive metals and coproduced radionuclides. A total of four 47Ca/47Sc separations were performed with 6–7 days between the irradiation and the separation to allow the equilibration of the ingrowing 47Sc.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105022167309

U2 - 10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112267

DO - 10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112267

M3 - Article

C2 - 41274059

AN - SCOPUS:105022167309

SN - 0969-8043

VL - 228

JO - Applied Radiation and Isotopes

JF - Applied Radiation and Isotopes

M1 - 112267

ER -

⁴⁸Ca(p,pn)⁴⁷Ca linac production for the preparation of a ⁴⁷Ca/⁴⁷Sc generator

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