TY - JOUR
T1 - Substituent effects on twisted internal charge transfer excited states of N-borylated carbazoles and (diphenylamino)boranes
AU - Wang, Jian
AU - Wang, Ying
AU - Taniguchi, Takuhiro
AU - Yamaguchi, Shigehiro
AU - Irle, Stephan
PY - 2012/2/2
Y1 - 2012/2/2
N2 - N-Boryl-substituted carbazoles (carBR 2) and (diphenylamino) boranes (Ph 2NBR 2) with R = Mes (mesityl) and FMes [tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] substituents on boron exhibit large UV/vis Stokes shifts. To investigate the substituent effect on the magnitude of the Stokes shifts, we studied the electronic structure and spectroscopic properties of carBR 2 and Ph 2NBR 2 with R = H, Mes, and FMes using hybrid density functional theory (B3LYP) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-B3LYP) for ground and low-lying excited states. The lowest lying excited state with a nonvanishing oscillator strength is a twisted internal charge transfer (TICT) 1A state in the C 2 point group, owing to a single-electron excitation from the nitrogen lone pair to the unoccupied boron p z AO, Nlp → Bp z. Emission from these 1A excited states are predicted to be much brighter than from the energetically close 1B excited states that are not directly related to CT excitation from N to B, due to symmetry. An analysis of geometrical relaxations in the excited state and the state energies relative to the ground state energy of the equilibrium geometry reveals that (a) the carbazole skeleton induces a general red shift in UV/vis spectra, (b) bulky boryl substituents reduce the predicted Stokes shifts of TICT states, and (c) the presence of electron-withdrawing functional groups induces a further general red shift in UV/vis spectra but does not significantly alter Stokes shifts.
AB - N-Boryl-substituted carbazoles (carBR 2) and (diphenylamino) boranes (Ph 2NBR 2) with R = Mes (mesityl) and FMes [tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] substituents on boron exhibit large UV/vis Stokes shifts. To investigate the substituent effect on the magnitude of the Stokes shifts, we studied the electronic structure and spectroscopic properties of carBR 2 and Ph 2NBR 2 with R = H, Mes, and FMes using hybrid density functional theory (B3LYP) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-B3LYP) for ground and low-lying excited states. The lowest lying excited state with a nonvanishing oscillator strength is a twisted internal charge transfer (TICT) 1A state in the C 2 point group, owing to a single-electron excitation from the nitrogen lone pair to the unoccupied boron p z AO, Nlp → Bp z. Emission from these 1A excited states are predicted to be much brighter than from the energetically close 1B excited states that are not directly related to CT excitation from N to B, due to symmetry. An analysis of geometrical relaxations in the excited state and the state energies relative to the ground state energy of the equilibrium geometry reveals that (a) the carbazole skeleton induces a general red shift in UV/vis spectra, (b) bulky boryl substituents reduce the predicted Stokes shifts of TICT states, and (c) the presence of electron-withdrawing functional groups induces a further general red shift in UV/vis spectra but does not significantly alter Stokes shifts.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84863071253&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/jp209264j
DO - 10.1021/jp209264j
M3 - Article
C2 - 22208822
AN - SCOPUS:84863071253
SN - 1089-5639
VL - 116
SP - 1151
EP - 1158
JO - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
IS - 4
ER -