Structural biology in the age of X-ray free-electron lasers and exascale computing

Serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography has emerged as a powerful method for investigating biomolecular structure and dynamics. With the new generation of X-ray free-electron lasers, which generate ultrabright X-ray pulses at megahertz repetition rates, we can now rapidly probe ultrafast conformational changes and charge movement in biomolecules. Over the last year, another innovation has been the deployment of Frontier, the world's first exascale supercomputer. Synergizing extremely high repetition rate X-ray light sources and exascale computing has the potential to accelerate discovery in biomolecular sciences. Here we outline our perspective on each of these remarkable innovations individually, and the opportunities and challenges in yoking them within an integrated research infrastructure.