Abstract
Welds with face-centered cubic (FCC) structure are inherently weaker and more susceptible to mechanical failure than base metal (BM). Here, we report a breakthrough approach that reverses this fundamental weakness. Compositional inhomogeneity in weld metal (WM) reduces FCC phase stability, preferentially promoting deformation-induced martensitic transformation in WM over BM. Additionally, spatial variation in metastability between the WM and BM activates a gradual progression of martensitic transformation from WM toward BM. Our welds exhibit exceptional cryogenic strength (104%) and ductility (140%) compared to BM, outperforming state-of-the-art alloys. These findings provide promising solutions to the long-standing issue of weld degradation in cryogenic environments.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 386-395 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| Journal | Materials Research Letters |
| Volume | 14 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 2026 |
Funding
This study was supported by Korea Research Institute for Defense Technology Planning and Advancement (KRIT) grant funded by the Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA) [grant number KRIT-CT-23-007], National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) [grant number RS-2024-00408948], and Fundamental Research Program ‘Development of Digital Twin Technology for the Validation [grant number PNKA590]’ of the Korean Institute of Materials Science (KIMS).
Keywords
- Weld performance
- compositional heterogeneity
- cryogenic properties
- martensitic transformation
- spatial heterogeneity
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