Strong Loophole-Free Test of Local Realism

Lynden K. Shalm; Evan Meyer-Scott; Bradley G. Christensen; Peter Bierhorst; Michael A. Wayne; Martin J. Stevens; Thomas Gerrits; Scott Glancy; Deny R. Hamel; Michael S. Allman; Kevin J. Coakley; Shellee D. Dyer; Carson Hodge; Adriana E. Lita; Varun B. Verma; Camilla Lambrocco; Edward Tortorici; Alan L. Migdall; Yanbao Zhang; Daniel R. Kumor; William H. Farr; Francesco Marsili; Matthew D. Shaw; Jeffrey A. Stern; Carlos Abellán; Waldimar Amaya; Valerio Pruneri; Thomas Jennewein; Morgan W. Mitchell; Paul G. Kwiat; Joshua C. Bienfang; Richard P. Mirin; Emanuel Knill; Sae Woo Nam

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.250402

Strong Loophole-Free Test of Local Realism

Lynden K. Shalm, Evan Meyer-Scott, Bradley G. Christensen, Peter Bierhorst, Michael A. Wayne, Martin J. Stevens, Thomas Gerrits, Scott Glancy, Deny R. Hamel, Michael S. Allman, Kevin J. Coakley, Shellee D. Dyer, Carson Hodge, Adriana E. Lita, Varun B. Verma, Camilla Lambrocco, Edward Tortorici, Alan L. Migdall, Yanbao Zhang, Daniel R. KumorWilliam H. Farr, Francesco Marsili, Matthew D. Shaw, Jeffrey A. Stern, Carlos Abellán, Waldimar Amaya, Valerio Pruneri, Thomas Jennewein, Morgan W. Mitchell, Paul G. Kwiat, Joshua C. Bienfang, Richard P. Mirin, Emanuel Knill, Sae Woo Nam

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

935 Scopus citations

Abstract

We present a loophole-free violation of local realism using entangled photon pairs. We ensure that all relevant events in our Bell test are spacelike separated by placing the parties far enough apart and by using fast random number generators and high-speed polarization measurements. A high-quality polarization-entangled source of photons, combined with high-efficiency, low-noise, single-photon detectors, allows us to make measurements without requiring any fair-sampling assumptions. Using a hypothesis test, we compute p values as small as 5.9×10-9 for our Bell violation while maintaining the spacelike separation of our events. We estimate the degree to which a local realistic system could predict our measurement choices. Accounting for this predictability, our smallest adjusted p value is 2.3×10-7. We therefore reject the hypothesis that local realism governs our experiment.

Original language	English
Article number	250402
Journal	Physical Review Letters
Volume	115
Issue number	25
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.250402
State	Published - Dec 16 2015
Externally published	Yes

Access to Document

10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.250402

Cite this

Shalm, L. K., Meyer-Scott, E., Christensen, B. G., Bierhorst, P., Wayne, M. A., Stevens, M. J., Gerrits, T., Glancy, S., Hamel, D. R., Allman, M. S., Coakley, K. J., Dyer, S. D., Hodge, C., Lita, A. E., Verma, V. B., Lambrocco, C., Tortorici, E., Migdall, A. L., Zhang, Y., ... Nam, S. W. (2015). Strong Loophole-Free Test of Local Realism. Physical Review Letters, 115(25), Article 250402. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.250402

@article{83a70feb419b42a79dc7a35df6aea1a2,

title = "Strong Loophole-Free Test of Local Realism",

abstract = "We present a loophole-free violation of local realism using entangled photon pairs. We ensure that all relevant events in our Bell test are spacelike separated by placing the parties far enough apart and by using fast random number generators and high-speed polarization measurements. A high-quality polarization-entangled source of photons, combined with high-efficiency, low-noise, single-photon detectors, allows us to make measurements without requiring any fair-sampling assumptions. Using a hypothesis test, we compute p values as small as 5.9×10-9 for our Bell violation while maintaining the spacelike separation of our events. We estimate the degree to which a local realistic system could predict our measurement choices. Accounting for this predictability, our smallest adjusted p value is 2.3×10-7. We therefore reject the hypothesis that local realism governs our experiment.",

author = "Shalm, {Lynden K.} and Evan Meyer-Scott and Christensen, {Bradley G.} and Peter Bierhorst and Wayne, {Michael A.} and Stevens, {Martin J.} and Thomas Gerrits and Scott Glancy and Hamel, {Deny R.} and Allman, {Michael S.} and Coakley, {Kevin J.} and Dyer, {Shellee D.} and Carson Hodge and Lita, {Adriana E.} and Verma, {Varun B.} and Camilla Lambrocco and Edward Tortorici and Migdall, {Alan L.} and Yanbao Zhang and Kumor, {Daniel R.} and Farr, {William H.} and Francesco Marsili and Shaw, {Matthew D.} and Stern, {Jeffrey A.} and Carlos Abell{\'a}n and Waldimar Amaya and Valerio Pruneri and Thomas Jennewein and Mitchell, {Morgan W.} and Kwiat, {Paul G.} and Bienfang, {Joshua C.} and Mirin, {Richard P.} and Emanuel Knill and Nam, {Sae Woo}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2015 authors. Published by the American Physical Society.",

year = "2015",

month = dec,

day = "16",

doi = "10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.250402",

language = "English",

volume = "115",

journal = "Physical Review Letters",

issn = "0031-9007",

publisher = "American Physical Society",

number = "25",

}

Shalm, LK, Meyer-Scott, E, Christensen, BG, Bierhorst, P, Wayne, MA, Stevens, MJ, Gerrits, T, Glancy, S, Hamel, DR, Allman, MS, Coakley, KJ, Dyer, SD, Hodge, C, Lita, AE, Verma, VB, Lambrocco, C, Tortorici, E, Migdall, AL, Zhang, Y, Kumor, DR, Farr, WH, Marsili, F, Shaw, MD, Stern, JA, Abellán, C, Amaya, W, Pruneri, V, Jennewein, T, Mitchell, MW, Kwiat, PG, Bienfang, JC, Mirin, RP, Knill, E & Nam, SW 2015, 'Strong Loophole-Free Test of Local Realism', Physical Review Letters, vol. 115, no. 25, 250402. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.250402

TY - JOUR

T1 - Strong Loophole-Free Test of Local Realism

AU - Shalm, Lynden K.

AU - Meyer-Scott, Evan

AU - Christensen, Bradley G.

AU - Bierhorst, Peter

AU - Wayne, Michael A.

AU - Stevens, Martin J.

AU - Gerrits, Thomas

AU - Glancy, Scott

AU - Hamel, Deny R.

AU - Allman, Michael S.

AU - Coakley, Kevin J.

AU - Dyer, Shellee D.

AU - Hodge, Carson

AU - Lita, Adriana E.

AU - Verma, Varun B.

AU - Lambrocco, Camilla

AU - Tortorici, Edward

AU - Migdall, Alan L.

AU - Zhang, Yanbao

AU - Kumor, Daniel R.

AU - Farr, William H.

AU - Marsili, Francesco

AU - Shaw, Matthew D.

AU - Stern, Jeffrey A.

AU - Abellán, Carlos

AU - Amaya, Waldimar

AU - Pruneri, Valerio

AU - Jennewein, Thomas

AU - Mitchell, Morgan W.

AU - Kwiat, Paul G.

AU - Bienfang, Joshua C.

AU - Mirin, Richard P.

AU - Knill, Emanuel

AU - Nam, Sae Woo

PY - 2015/12/16

Y1 - 2015/12/16

N2 - We present a loophole-free violation of local realism using entangled photon pairs. We ensure that all relevant events in our Bell test are spacelike separated by placing the parties far enough apart and by using fast random number generators and high-speed polarization measurements. A high-quality polarization-entangled source of photons, combined with high-efficiency, low-noise, single-photon detectors, allows us to make measurements without requiring any fair-sampling assumptions. Using a hypothesis test, we compute p values as small as 5.9×10-9 for our Bell violation while maintaining the spacelike separation of our events. We estimate the degree to which a local realistic system could predict our measurement choices. Accounting for this predictability, our smallest adjusted p value is 2.3×10-7. We therefore reject the hypothesis that local realism governs our experiment.

AB - We present a loophole-free violation of local realism using entangled photon pairs. We ensure that all relevant events in our Bell test are spacelike separated by placing the parties far enough apart and by using fast random number generators and high-speed polarization measurements. A high-quality polarization-entangled source of photons, combined with high-efficiency, low-noise, single-photon detectors, allows us to make measurements without requiring any fair-sampling assumptions. Using a hypothesis test, we compute p values as small as 5.9×10-9 for our Bell violation while maintaining the spacelike separation of our events. We estimate the degree to which a local realistic system could predict our measurement choices. Accounting for this predictability, our smallest adjusted p value is 2.3×10-7. We therefore reject the hypothesis that local realism governs our experiment.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84953297340&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.250402

DO - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.250402

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84953297340

SN - 0031-9007

VL - 115

JO - Physical Review Letters

JF - Physical Review Letters

IS - 25

M1 - 250402

ER -

Strong Loophole-Free Test of Local Realism

Abstract

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this