State of the Climate in 2024: The Arctic

R. L. Thoman; T. A. Moon; M. L. Druckenmiller; A. H. Butler; S. H. Lee; G. H. Bernhard; V. E. Fioletov; J. U. Grooß; I. Ialongo; B. Johnsen; K. Lakkala; R. Müller; T. Svendby; A. Crawford; J. E. Walsh; B. Brettschneider; E. Hanna; H. Motrøen Gjelten; S. J. Kim; J. E. Overland; M. Wang; R. Lader; M. C. Serreze; S. Bigalke; T. J. Ballinger; M. L. Timmermans; Z. Labe; W. N. Meier; A. Petty; S. Hendricks; D. Perovich; S. Farrell; M. Webster; D. Divine; S. Gerland; L. Kaleschke; R. Ricker; X. Tian-Kunze; A. Bliss; S. Howell; M. Brady; K. Poinar; J. E. Box; T. L. Mote; X. Fettweis; B. D. Loomis; B. E. Smith; B. C. Medley; K. D. Mankoff; T. G. Askjaer; J. H. Scheller; R. S. Fausto; M. Tedesco; J. W. McClelland; A. I. Shiklomanov; A. Suslova; M. Tretiakov; R. G.M. Spence; S. E. Tank; S. Zolkos; L. Mudryk; A. Elias Chereque; C. Derksen; K. Luojus; B. Decharme; S. L. Smith; V. E. Romanovsky; K. Isaksen; K. E. Nyland; N. I. Shiklomanov; D. A. Streletskiy; H. H. Christiansen; G. V. Frost; M. J. Macander; U. S. Bhatt; L. T. Berner; J. W. Bjerke; H. E. Epstein; B. C. Forbes; G. Jia; M. J. Lara; P. M. Montesano; R. Magnússon; C. S.R. Neigh; G. K. Phoenix; H. Tømmervik; C. Waigl; D. A. Walker; D. Yang

doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-25-0104.1

State of the Climate in 2024: The Arctic

R. L. Thoman
, T. A. Moon
, M. L. Druckenmiller
, A. H. Butler
, S. H. Lee
, G. H. Bernhard
, V. E. Fioletov
, J. U. Grooß
, I. Ialongo
, B. Johnsen
, K. Lakkala
, R. Müller
, T. Svendby
, A. Crawford
, J. E. Walsh
, B. Brettschneider
, E. Hanna
, H. Motrøen Gjelten
, S. J. Kim
, J. E. Overland

M. Wang, R. Lader, M. C. Serreze, S. Bigalke, T. J. Ballinger, M. L. Timmermans, Z. Labe, W. N. Meier, A. Petty, S. Hendricks, D. Perovich, S. Farrell, M. Webster, D. Divine, S. Gerland, L. Kaleschke, R. Ricker, X. Tian-Kunze, A. Bliss, S. Howell, M. Brady, K. Poinar, J. E. Box, T. L. Mote, X. Fettweis, B. D. Loomis, B. E. Smith, B. C. Medley, K. D. Mankoff, T. G. Askjaer, J. H. Scheller, R. S. Fausto, M. Tedesco, J. W. McClelland, A. I. Shiklomanov, A. Suslova, M. Tretiakov, R. G.M. Spence, S. E. Tank, S. Zolkos, L. Mudryk, A. Elias Chereque, C. Derksen, K. Luojus, B. Decharme, S. L. Smith, V. E. Romanovsky, K. Isaksen, K. E. Nyland, N. I. Shiklomanov, D. A. Streletskiy, H. H. Christiansen, G. V. Frost, M. J. Macander, U. S. Bhatt, L. T. Berner, J. W. Bjerke, H. E. Epstein, B. C. Forbes, G. Jia, M. J. Lara, P. M. Montesano, R. Magnússon, C. S.R. Neigh, G. K. Phoenix, H. Tømmervik, C. Waigl, D. A. Walker, D. Yang

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Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	S300-S356
Journal	Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Volume	106
Issue number	8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-25-0104.1
State	Published - Aug 2025

Funding

A. Overview The authors and chapter editors appreciate support provided by NOAA’s Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Arctic Research Program, including content editing funded through the Cooperative Institute for Earth System Research and Data Science (CIESRDS) via NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA22OAR4320151 (M. Druckenmiller and T. Moon) and by the Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA20OAR4320271 (R. Thoman). b. Atmosphere The authors thank the Academy of Finland for supporting ultraviolet measurements through the FARPOCC, SAARA, and CHAMPS (grant no. 329225) projects. e. Sea surface temperature M.-L. Timmermans acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs and the Office of Naval Research. Z.M. Labe acknowledges support from NOAA and its Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). h. Arctic river discharge James McClelland and coauthors acknowledge NSF support for the Arctic Great Rivers Observatory (NSF 1913888, 1914081, 1914215, 1913962, 2230812). Discharge data for the Mackenzie River are courtesy of Environment and Climate Change Canada. M.-L. Timmermans acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs and the Office of Naval Research. Z.M. Labe acknowledges support from NOAA and its Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). The authors thank the Academy of Finland for supporting ultraviolet measurements through the FARPOCC, SAARA, and CHAMPS (grant no. 329225) projects. The authors and chapter editors appreciate support provided by NOAA’s Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Arctic Research Program, including content editing funded through the Cooperative Institute for Earth System Research and Data Science (CIESRDS) via NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA22OAR4320151 (M. Druckenmiller and T. Moon) and by the Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA20OAR4320271 (R. Thoman).

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Thoman, R. L., Moon, T. A., Druckenmiller, M. L., Butler, A. H., Lee, S. H., Bernhard, G. H., Fioletov, V. E., Grooß, J. U., Ialongo, I., Johnsen, B., Lakkala, K., Müller, R., Svendby, T., Crawford, A., Walsh, J. E., Brettschneider, B., Hanna, E., Motrøen Gjelten, H., Kim, S. J., ... Yang, D. (2025). State of the Climate in 2024: The Arctic. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 106(8), S300-S356. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-25-0104.1

@article{780cc954535f45cf87c0ad9e882fa0cd,

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author = "Thoman, \{R. L.\} and Moon, \{T. A.\} and Druckenmiller, \{M. L.\} and Butler, \{A. H.\} and Lee, \{S. H.\} and Bernhard, \{G. H.\} and Fioletov, \{V. E.\} and Groo{\ss}, \{J. U.\} and I. Ialongo and B. Johnsen and K. Lakkala and R. M{\"u}ller and T. Svendby and A. Crawford and Walsh, \{J. E.\} and B. Brettschneider and E. Hanna and \{Motr{\o}en Gjelten\}, H. and Kim, \{S. J.\} and Overland, \{J. E.\} and M. Wang and R. Lader and Serreze, \{M. C.\} and S. Bigalke and Ballinger, \{T. J.\} and Timmermans, \{M. L.\} and Z. Labe and Meier, \{W. N.\} and A. Petty and S. Hendricks and D. Perovich and S. Farrell and M. Webster and D. Divine and S. Gerland and L. Kaleschke and R. Ricker and X. Tian-Kunze and A. Bliss and S. Howell and M. Brady and K. Poinar and Box, \{J. E.\} and Mote, \{T. L.\} and X. Fettweis and Loomis, \{B. D.\} and Smith, \{B. E.\} and Medley, \{B. C.\} and Mankoff, \{K. D.\} and Askjaer, \{T. G.\} and Scheller, \{J. H.\} and Fausto, \{R. S.\} and M. Tedesco and McClelland, \{J. W.\} and Shiklomanov, \{A. I.\} and A. Suslova and M. Tretiakov and Spence, \{R. G.M.\} and Tank, \{S. E.\} and S. Zolkos and L. Mudryk and \{Elias Chereque\}, A. and C. Derksen and K. Luojus and B. Decharme and Smith, \{S. L.\} and Romanovsky, \{V. E.\} and K. Isaksen and Nyland, \{K. E.\} and Shiklomanov, \{N. I.\} and Streletskiy, \{D. A.\} and Christiansen, \{H. H.\} and Frost, \{G. V.\} and Macander, \{M. J.\} and Bhatt, \{U. S.\} and Berner, \{L. T.\} and Bjerke, \{J. W.\} and Epstein, \{H. E.\} and Forbes, \{B. C.\} and G. Jia and Lara, \{M. J.\} and Montesano, \{P. M.\} and R. Magn{\'u}sson and Neigh, \{C. S.R.\} and Phoenix, \{G. K.\} and H. T{\o}mmervik and C. Waigl and Walker, \{D. A.\} and D. Yang",

year = "2025",

month = aug,

doi = "10.1175/BAMS-D-25-0104.1",

language = "English",

volume = "106",

pages = "S300--S356",

journal = "Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society",

issn = "0003-0007",

publisher = "American Meteorological Society",

number = "8",

}

Thoman, RL, Moon, TA, Druckenmiller, ML, Butler, AH, Lee, SH, Bernhard, GH, Fioletov, VE, Grooß, JU, Ialongo, I, Johnsen, B, Lakkala, K, Müller, R, Svendby, T, Crawford, A, Walsh, JE, Brettschneider, B, Hanna, E, Motrøen Gjelten, H, Kim, SJ, Overland, JE, Wang, M, Lader, R, Serreze, MC, Bigalke, S, Ballinger, TJ, Timmermans, ML, Labe, Z, Meier, WN, Petty, A, Hendricks, S, Perovich, D, Farrell, S, Webster, M, Divine, D, Gerland, S, Kaleschke, L, Ricker, R, Tian-Kunze, X, Bliss, A, Howell, S, Brady, M, Poinar, K, Box, JE, Mote, TL, Fettweis, X, Loomis, BD, Smith, BE, Medley, BC, Mankoff, KD, Askjaer, TG, Scheller, JH, Fausto, RS, Tedesco, M, McClelland, JW, Shiklomanov, AI, Suslova, A, Tretiakov, M, Spence, RGM, Tank, SE, Zolkos, S, Mudryk, L, Elias Chereque, A, Derksen, C, Luojus, K, Decharme, B, Smith, SL, Romanovsky, VE, Isaksen, K, Nyland, KE, Shiklomanov, NI, Streletskiy, DA, Christiansen, HH, Frost, GV, Macander, MJ, Bhatt, US, Berner, LT, Bjerke, JW, Epstein, HE, Forbes, BC, Jia, G, Lara, MJ, Montesano, PM, Magnússon, R, Neigh, CSR, Phoenix, GK, Tømmervik, H, Waigl, C, Walker, DA & Yang, D 2025, 'State of the Climate in 2024: The Arctic', Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol. 106, no. 8, pp. S300-S356. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-25-0104.1

TY - JOUR

T1 - State of the Climate in 2024

T2 - The Arctic

AU - Thoman, R. L.

AU - Moon, T. A.

AU - Druckenmiller, M. L.

AU - Butler, A. H.

AU - Lee, S. H.

AU - Bernhard, G. H.

AU - Fioletov, V. E.

AU - Grooß, J. U.

AU - Ialongo, I.

AU - Johnsen, B.

AU - Lakkala, K.

AU - Müller, R.

AU - Svendby, T.

AU - Crawford, A.

AU - Walsh, J. E.

AU - Brettschneider, B.

AU - Hanna, E.

AU - Motrøen Gjelten, H.

AU - Kim, S. J.

AU - Overland, J. E.

AU - Wang, M.

AU - Lader, R.

AU - Serreze, M. C.

AU - Bigalke, S.

AU - Ballinger, T. J.

AU - Timmermans, M. L.

AU - Labe, Z.

AU - Meier, W. N.

AU - Petty, A.

AU - Hendricks, S.

AU - Perovich, D.

AU - Farrell, S.

AU - Webster, M.

AU - Divine, D.

AU - Gerland, S.

AU - Kaleschke, L.

AU - Ricker, R.

AU - Tian-Kunze, X.

AU - Bliss, A.

AU - Howell, S.

AU - Brady, M.

AU - Poinar, K.

AU - Box, J. E.

AU - Mote, T. L.

AU - Fettweis, X.

AU - Loomis, B. D.

AU - Smith, B. E.

AU - Medley, B. C.

AU - Mankoff, K. D.

AU - Askjaer, T. G.

AU - Scheller, J. H.

AU - Fausto, R. S.

AU - Tedesco, M.

AU - McClelland, J. W.

AU - Shiklomanov, A. I.

AU - Suslova, A.

AU - Tretiakov, M.

AU - Spence, R. G.M.

AU - Tank, S. E.

AU - Zolkos, S.

AU - Mudryk, L.

AU - Elias Chereque, A.

AU - Derksen, C.

AU - Luojus, K.

AU - Decharme, B.

AU - Smith, S. L.

AU - Romanovsky, V. E.

AU - Isaksen, K.

AU - Nyland, K. E.

AU - Shiklomanov, N. I.

AU - Streletskiy, D. A.

AU - Christiansen, H. H.

AU - Frost, G. V.

AU - Macander, M. J.

AU - Bhatt, U. S.

AU - Berner, L. T.

AU - Bjerke, J. W.

AU - Epstein, H. E.

AU - Forbes, B. C.

AU - Jia, G.

AU - Lara, M. J.

AU - Montesano, P. M.

AU - Magnússon, R.

AU - Neigh, C. S.R.

AU - Phoenix, G. K.

AU - Tømmervik, H.

AU - Waigl, C.

AU - Walker, D. A.

AU - Yang, D.

PY - 2025/8

Y1 - 2025/8

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105019224547

U2 - 10.1175/BAMS-D-25-0104.1

DO - 10.1175/BAMS-D-25-0104.1

M3 - Comment/debate

AN - SCOPUS:105019224547

SN - 0003-0007

VL - 106

SP - S300-S356

JO - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

JF - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

IS - 8

ER -

State of the Climate in 2024: The Arctic

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