Abstract
We present cosmological constraints from the abundance of galaxy clusters selected via the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect in South Pole Telescope (SPT) data with a simultaneous mass calibration using weak gravitational lensing data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The cluster sample is constructed from the combined SPT-SZ, SPTpol ECS, and SPTpol 500d surveys, and comprises 1,005 confirmed clusters in the redshift range 0.25-1.78 over a total sky area of 5200 deg2. We use DES Year 3 weak-lensing data for 688 clusters with redshifts z<0.95 and HST weak-lensing data for 39 clusters with 0.6<z<1.7. The weak-lensing measurements enable robust mass measurements of sample clusters and allow us to empirically constrain the SZ observable-mass relation without having to make strong assumptions about, e.g., the hydrodynamical state of the clusters. For a flat ΛCDM cosmology, and marginalizing over the sum of massive neutrinos, we measure ωm=0.286±0.032, σ8=0.817±0.026, and the parameter combination σ8(ωm/0.3)0.25=0.805±0.016. Our measurement of S8σ8ωm/0.3=0.795±0.029 and the constraint from Planck CMB anisotropies (2018 TT, TE, EE+lowE) differ by 1.1σ. In combination with that Planck dataset, we place a 95% upper limit on the sum of neutrino masses ∑mν<0.18 eV. When additionally allowing the dark energy equation of state parameter w to vary, we obtain w=-1.45±0.31 from our cluster-based analysis. In combination with Planck data, we measure w=-1.34-0.15+0.22, or a 2.2σ difference with a cosmological constant. We use the cluster abundance to measure σ8 in five redshift bins between 0.25 and 1.8, and we find the results to be consistent with structure growth as predicted by the ΛCDM model fit to Planck primary CMB data.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 083510 |
| Journal | Physical Review D |
| Volume | 110 |
| Issue number | 8 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Oct 15 2024 |
Funding
This research was supported by the Excellence Cluster ORIGINS, which is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany\u2019s Excellence Strategy\u2014EXC-2094-390783311, the MPG Faculty Fellowship program and the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00E4t M\u00FCnchen. Parts of the MCMC computations were carried out on the computing facilities of the Computational Center for Particle and Astrophysics (C2PAP). The Bonn and Innsbruck authors acknowledge support from the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) provided through DLR under Projects No. 50OR2002 and No. 50OR2302, from the German Research Foundation (DFG) under Grant No. 415537506, and the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) and the Federal Ministry of the Republic of Austria for Climate Action, Environment, Mobility, Innovation and Technology (BMK) via Grants No. 899537 and No. 900565. The Melbourne authors acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council\u2019s Discovery Projects scheme (No. DP200101068). The South Pole Telescope program is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through the Grant No. OPP-1852617. Partial support is also provided by the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago. PISCO observations were supported by US NSF Grant No. AST-0126090. Work at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Funda\u00E7\u00E3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00E0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00EDfico e Tecnol\u00F3gico and the Minist\u00E9rio da Ci\u00EAncia, Tecnologia e Inova\u00E7\u00E3o, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energ\u00E9ticas, Medioambientales y Tecnol\u00F3gicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgen\u00F6ssische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Z\u00FCrich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Institut de Ci\u00E8ncies de l\u2019Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de F\u00EDsica d\u2019Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00E4t M\u00FCnchen and the associated Excellence Cluster Origins, the University of Michigan, NSF\u2019s NOIRLab, the University of Nottingham, The Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, Texas A&M University, and the OzDES Membership Consortium. Based in part on observations at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory at NSF\u2019s NOIRLab (NOIRLab Prop. ID 2012B-0001; PI: J.\u2009F.), which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants No. AST-1138766 and No. AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MICINN under Grants No. ESP2017-89838, No. PGC2018-094773, No. PGC2018-102021, No. SEV-2016-0588, No. SEV-2016-0597, and No. MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union\u2019s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) including ERC Grant Agreements No. 240672, No. 291329, and No. 306478. We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00EAncia e Tecnologia (INCT) do e-Universo (CNPq Grant No. 465376/2014-2). This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, using imaging data from the SPT follow-up GO Programs No. 12246 (PI: C.\u2009S.), No. 12477 (PI: F.\u2009W.\u2009H.), No. 13412 (PI: T.\u2009S.), No. 14252 (PI: V.\u2009S.), No. 14352 (PI: J.\u2009H.-L.), and No. 14677 (PI: T.\u2009S.). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA Contract No. NAS 5-26555. It is also based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under Programs No. 086.A-0741 (PI: Bazin), No. 088.A-0796 (PI: Bazin), No. 088.A-0889 (PI: J.\u2009J.\u2009M.), No. 089.A-0824 (PI: J.\u2009J.\u2009M.), No. 0100.A-0204 (PI: T.\u2009S.), No. 0100.A-0217 (PI: Hern\u00E1ndez-Mart\u00EDn), No. 0101.A-0694 (PI: H.\u2009Z.), and No. 0102.A-0189 (PI: H.\u2009Z.). It is also based on observations obtained at the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00EDa e Innovaci\u00F3n Productiva (Argentina), Minist\u00E9rio da Ci\u011Bncia, Tecnologia e Inova\u00E7\u00E3o (Brazil), and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (Republic of Korea), under Programs No. 2014B-0338 and No. 2016B-0176 (PI: B.\u2009B.). This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. This research has made use of the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System and of adstex . We thank Ludwig, the SPT support cat for this analysis. Inquiries about SPT support cats shall be directed to T.\u2009C.