Abstract
On-road wireless charging of electric vehicles (EVs) in motion could potentially reduce range anxiety or battery size with widespread deployment. The planning and implementation of such systems are greatly complicated due to their susceptibility to load variation inherent to traffic flow. This article proposes a method for derisking the potential for traffic slowdowns by compensating for reduced vehicle speed and investigates how implementation may affect system performance. A load modeling case study is presented at 200 kW for a mile of high-speed roadway employing speed-based power regulation with results indicating average power usage, and maximum car hosting capability can be reduced by 20% and increased by 30%, respectively. An 85-kHz power electronics model is developed based on designs and prototypes for an 11-kW, 190-m airgap static system and a 200-kW dynamic wireless track. The simulation is validated in the 11-kW experimental prototype and modified for 200-kW operation to compare with simulated performance. Sensitivity studies are performed in MATLAB/Simulink to evaluate how parameters influence system performance and confirm the capability to reduce output power and maintain efficiency at 11 and 200 kW. The static 11-kW experimental system operates at 93.6% efficiency and multiple options exist to reduce power while maintaining efficiency greater than 90%. The capability to dynamically modify power output from wireless power transfer (WPT) coils, in an experimentally validated simulation, enables techniques to significantly mitigate load variability due to reductions in vehicle speed.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 9011-9021 |
| Number of pages | 11 |
| Journal | IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification |
| Volume | 11 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 2025 |
Funding
This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No. 2239063. This manuscript has been co-authored by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, operated by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting this article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this article or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan). This article used results from resources developed and available at the Power Electronics and Electric Machinery Research Facility located at the National Transportation Research Center, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Efficiency and Renewable Energy User Facility operated by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Knoxville, TN, USA. The support of University of Kentucky the L. Stanley Pigman Chair in Power endowment is also gratefully acknowledged. Any findings and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsoring organizations.
Keywords
- Dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT)
- electric vehicle (EV)
- sensitivity analysis
- traffic flow
- wireless charging
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