Solid state lithium metal batteries – Issues and challenges at the lithium-solid electrolyte interface

Vikalp Raj; Naga Phani B. Aetukuri; Jagjit Nanda

doi:10.1016/j.cossms.2022.100999

Solid state lithium metal batteries – Issues and challenges at the lithium-solid electrolyte interface

Vikalp Raj
, Naga Phani B. Aetukuri
, Jagjit Nanda

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

64 Scopus citations

Abstract

Solid-state Li-ion batteries employing a metallic lithium anode in conjunction with an inorganic solid electrolyte (ISE) are expected to offer superior energy density and cycle life. The realization of these metrics critically hinges on the simultaneous optimization of the ISE and the two electrode/electrolyte interfaces. In this Opinion article, we provide an overview of the materials and interfacial challenges that limit the performance of solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs). Owing to the importance of the Li/ISE interface, we dedicate a large section of this article to discuss the mechanistic aspects of lithium deposition at the Li/ISE interface. We further discuss a few recently proposed mechanisms that rationalize the growth of lithium through ISEs. We conclude our review with a brief discussion on the anode-free approach for fabricating SSLMBs where metallic lithium is generated in-situ from pre-lithiated cathodes.

Original language	English
Article number	100999
Journal	Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science
Volume	26
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cossms.2022.100999
State	Published - Aug 2022
Externally published	Yes

Funding

This research was conducted at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, India and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), managed by UT Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). Research at ORNL is supported by Asst. Secretary, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) through the Advanced Battery Materials Research (BMR) Program. Research at IISc is supported by grants from the Department of Heavy Industries (DHI), India; from the Department of Science and Technology, India through the DST-IISc Energy Storage Platform on Supercapacitors and Power Dense Devices under the MECSP-2K17 program with grant number DST/TMD/ MECSP/2K17/20. N.B.A acknowledges the new faculty start-up grant 12-0205-0618-77 provided by IISc and funding through the early career research award (Grant No. ECR/2018/001047) of the Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, India. This manuscript has been authored in part by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan ( http://energy.gov/downloads/doepublic-access-plan ). This research was conducted at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, India and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), managed by UT Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). Research at ORNL is supported by Asst. Secretary, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) through the Advanced Battery Materials Research (BMR) Program. Research at IISc is supported by grants from the Department of Heavy Industries (DHI), India; from the Department of Science and Technology, India through the DST-IISc Energy Storage Platform on Supercapacitors and Power Dense Devices under the MECSP-2K17 program with grant number DST/TMD/ MECSP/2K17/20. N.B.A acknowledges the new faculty start-up grant 12-0205-0618-77 provided by IISc and funding through the early career research award (Grant No. ECR/2018/001047) of the Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, India. VR would like to acknowledge IISC for the fellowship and Department of Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit (SSCU), Centre for Nano Science and Engineering (CeNSE) and IISc for facilities. This manuscript has been authored in part by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan ( http://energy.gov/downloads/doepublic-access-plan).

Keywords

Dendrites
Electrochemomechanical stress
Electrodeposition of lithium
Lithium metal
Solid electrolytes
Solid state Li-ion batteries

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10.1016/j.cossms.2022.100999

Cite this

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title = "Solid state lithium metal batteries – Issues and challenges at the lithium-solid electrolyte interface",

abstract = "Solid-state Li-ion batteries employing a metallic lithium anode in conjunction with an inorganic solid electrolyte (ISE) are expected to offer superior energy density and cycle life. The realization of these metrics critically hinges on the simultaneous optimization of the ISE and the two electrode/electrolyte interfaces. In this Opinion article, we provide an overview of the materials and interfacial challenges that limit the performance of solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs). Owing to the importance of the Li/ISE interface, we dedicate a large section of this article to discuss the mechanistic aspects of lithium deposition at the Li/ISE interface. We further discuss a few recently proposed mechanisms that rationalize the growth of lithium through ISEs. We conclude our review with a brief discussion on the anode-free approach for fabricating SSLMBs where metallic lithium is generated in-situ from pre-lithiated cathodes.",

keywords = "Dendrites, Electrochemomechanical stress, Electrodeposition of lithium, Lithium metal, Solid electrolytes, Solid state Li-ion batteries",

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AU - Raj, Vikalp

AU - Aetukuri, Naga Phani B.

AU - Nanda, Jagjit

PY - 2022/8

Y1 - 2022/8

N2 - Solid-state Li-ion batteries employing a metallic lithium anode in conjunction with an inorganic solid electrolyte (ISE) are expected to offer superior energy density and cycle life. The realization of these metrics critically hinges on the simultaneous optimization of the ISE and the two electrode/electrolyte interfaces. In this Opinion article, we provide an overview of the materials and interfacial challenges that limit the performance of solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs). Owing to the importance of the Li/ISE interface, we dedicate a large section of this article to discuss the mechanistic aspects of lithium deposition at the Li/ISE interface. We further discuss a few recently proposed mechanisms that rationalize the growth of lithium through ISEs. We conclude our review with a brief discussion on the anode-free approach for fabricating SSLMBs where metallic lithium is generated in-situ from pre-lithiated cathodes.

AB - Solid-state Li-ion batteries employing a metallic lithium anode in conjunction with an inorganic solid electrolyte (ISE) are expected to offer superior energy density and cycle life. The realization of these metrics critically hinges on the simultaneous optimization of the ISE and the two electrode/electrolyte interfaces. In this Opinion article, we provide an overview of the materials and interfacial challenges that limit the performance of solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs). Owing to the importance of the Li/ISE interface, we dedicate a large section of this article to discuss the mechanistic aspects of lithium deposition at the Li/ISE interface. We further discuss a few recently proposed mechanisms that rationalize the growth of lithium through ISEs. We conclude our review with a brief discussion on the anode-free approach for fabricating SSLMBs where metallic lithium is generated in-situ from pre-lithiated cathodes.

KW - Dendrites

KW - Electrochemomechanical stress

KW - Electrodeposition of lithium

KW - Lithium metal

KW - Solid electrolytes

KW - Solid state Li-ion batteries

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DO - 10.1016/j.cossms.2022.100999

M3 - Review article

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Solid state lithium metal batteries – Issues and challenges at the lithium-solid electrolyte interface

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Keywords

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