Single-mode porous silicon waveguide interferometers with unity confinement factors for ultra-sensitive surface adlayer sensing

Tahmid H. Talukdar; Gabriel D. Allen; Ivan Kravchenko; Judson D. Ryckman

doi:10.1364/OE.27.022485

Single-mode porous silicon waveguide interferometers with unity confinement factors for ultra-sensitive surface adlayer sensing

Tahmid H. Talukdar, Gabriel D. Allen, Ivan Kravchenko, Judson D. Ryckman

Nanofabrication Research Laboratory

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

18 Scopus citations

Abstract

Guided wave-optics has emerged as a promising platform for label free biosensing. However, device sensitivity toward surface-bound small molecules is directly limited by the evanescent interaction and low confinement factor with the active sensing region. Here, we report a mesoporous silicon waveguide design and inverse fabrication technique that resolves the evanescent field interaction limitation while achieving maximal transverse confinement factors and preserving single-mode operation. The waveguide sensors are characterized in a Fabry-Perot interferometer configuration and the ultra-high sensitivity to small molecule adlayers is demonstrated. We also identify dispersion to be a promising degree of freedom for exceeding the sensitivity limits predicted by the conventional non-dispersive effective medium theory.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	22485-22498
Number of pages	14
Journal	Optics Express
Volume	27
Issue number	16
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.27.022485
State	Published - 2019

Funding

National Science Foundation (NSF) Award 1825787 and EEC-1560070. A portion of this research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility. G.A. and J.R. which to acknowledge Dr. Rod Harrell for leading the Clemson Summer Undergraduate Research Experience (SURE) program in Solid-State Devices for Electronics, Photonics, and Magnetics Technology (NSF EEC-1560070). National Science Foundation (NSF) Award 1825787 and EEC-1560070.

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abstract = "Guided wave-optics has emerged as a promising platform for label free biosensing. However, device sensitivity toward surface-bound small molecules is directly limited by the evanescent interaction and low confinement factor with the active sensing region. Here, we report a mesoporous silicon waveguide design and inverse fabrication technique that resolves the evanescent field interaction limitation while achieving maximal transverse confinement factors and preserving single-mode operation. The waveguide sensors are characterized in a Fabry-Perot interferometer configuration and the ultra-high sensitivity to small molecule adlayers is demonstrated. We also identify dispersion to be a promising degree of freedom for exceeding the sensitivity limits predicted by the conventional non-dispersive effective medium theory.",

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Single-mode porous silicon waveguide interferometers with unity confinement factors for ultra-sensitive surface adlayer sensing

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