Simulation tools for high intensity rings

Several codes have been developed specifically to simulate beam dynamics in high intensity rings. These codes contain detailed algorithms for modeling the relevant physics in the beam, from single particle transport to important collective effects, including space charge and impedances. Among the various codes, a number of different methods have been adopted for the treatment of space charge. The codes have been applied to a variety of problems in existing machines, as well as for the study, design, and optimization of future machines. A review of existing ring simulation codes is presented, with specific emphasis on the space charge implementation. A more in-depth description of the features and application histories of a few specific codes is given, as well as a summary of code benchmarks with experimental data.