Separate sensible and latent cooling: Carnot limits and system taxonomy

Kyle R. Gluesenkamp; Kashif Nawaz

doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2021.02.019

Separate sensible and latent cooling: Carnot limits and system taxonomy

Kyle R. Gluesenkamp, Kashif Nawaz

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

12 Scopus citations

Abstract

Energy efficiency and thermal comfort can be improved by independent control of temperature and humidity. In recent work, an emerging class of cooling systems known as separate sensible and latent cooling (SSLC) systems have demonstrated 14 to 47% energy savings, while simultaneously providing better comfort control than conventional air conditioning. In this work, SSLC is defined as using two or more cooling processes with unequal sensible heat ratio (SHR) to control temperature and humidity independently and dynamically. Fundamental efficiency limits of SSLC systems are developed for the first time, demonstrating that the Carnot efficiency for SSLC is higher than that of conventional systems. It is revealed that SSLC has particularly high potential for moderate outdoor temperatures, high sensible building loads, and drier indoor conditions. In addition, this work proposes a classification scheme for SSLC systems, revealing an enormous number of feasible cycle permutations. This provides a framework for the important research task of developing SSLC systems that will save energy, be practical to construct, and be controllable.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	128-136
Number of pages	9
Journal	International Journal of Refrigeration
Volume	127
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2021.02.019
State	Published - Jul 2021

Funding

This work was sponsored by the U. S. Department of Energy's Building Technologies Office under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. This research used resources at the Building Technologies Research and Integration Center , a DOE Office of Science User Facility operated by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The authors would like to acknowledge Mr. Antonio Bouza, Technology Manager – HVAC&R, Water Heating, and Appliance, U.S. Department of Energy Building Technologies Office. This work was sponsored by the U. S. Department of Energy's Building Technologies Office under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. This research used resources at the Building Technologies Research and Integration Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility operated by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The authors would like to acknowledge Mr. Antonio Bouza, Technology Manager ? HVAC&R, Water Heating, and Appliance, U.S. Department of Energy Building Technologies Office. Notice: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan).

Funders	Funder number
U. S. Department of Energy's Building Technologies Office	DE-AC05-00OR22725
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Science
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Bioenergy Technologies Office

Keywords

Carnot efficiency
Desiccant
Hybrid cooling
SSLC
Sensible heat ratio
Separate sensible latent cooling

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2021.02.019

Cite this

@article{aa42eacb82d8451ebd11796aa0dc91f9,

title = "Separate sensible and latent cooling: Carnot limits and system taxonomy",

abstract = "Energy efficiency and thermal comfort can be improved by independent control of temperature and humidity. In recent work, an emerging class of cooling systems known as separate sensible and latent cooling (SSLC) systems have demonstrated 14 to 47% energy savings, while simultaneously providing better comfort control than conventional air conditioning. In this work, SSLC is defined as using two or more cooling processes with unequal sensible heat ratio (SHR) to control temperature and humidity independently and dynamically. Fundamental efficiency limits of SSLC systems are developed for the first time, demonstrating that the Carnot efficiency for SSLC is higher than that of conventional systems. It is revealed that SSLC has particularly high potential for moderate outdoor temperatures, high sensible building loads, and drier indoor conditions. In addition, this work proposes a classification scheme for SSLC systems, revealing an enormous number of feasible cycle permutations. This provides a framework for the important research task of developing SSLC systems that will save energy, be practical to construct, and be controllable.",

keywords = "Carnot efficiency, Desiccant, Hybrid cooling, SSLC, Sensible heat ratio, Separate sensible latent cooling",

author = "Gluesenkamp, {Kyle R.} and Kashif Nawaz",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021",

year = "2021",

month = jul,

doi = "10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2021.02.019",

language = "English",

volume = "127",

pages = "128--136",

journal = "International Journal of Refrigeration",

issn = "0140-7007",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Separate sensible and latent cooling

T2 - Carnot limits and system taxonomy

AU - Gluesenkamp, Kyle R.

AU - Nawaz, Kashif

PY - 2021/7

Y1 - 2021/7

N2 - Energy efficiency and thermal comfort can be improved by independent control of temperature and humidity. In recent work, an emerging class of cooling systems known as separate sensible and latent cooling (SSLC) systems have demonstrated 14 to 47% energy savings, while simultaneously providing better comfort control than conventional air conditioning. In this work, SSLC is defined as using two or more cooling processes with unequal sensible heat ratio (SHR) to control temperature and humidity independently and dynamically. Fundamental efficiency limits of SSLC systems are developed for the first time, demonstrating that the Carnot efficiency for SSLC is higher than that of conventional systems. It is revealed that SSLC has particularly high potential for moderate outdoor temperatures, high sensible building loads, and drier indoor conditions. In addition, this work proposes a classification scheme for SSLC systems, revealing an enormous number of feasible cycle permutations. This provides a framework for the important research task of developing SSLC systems that will save energy, be practical to construct, and be controllable.

AB - Energy efficiency and thermal comfort can be improved by independent control of temperature and humidity. In recent work, an emerging class of cooling systems known as separate sensible and latent cooling (SSLC) systems have demonstrated 14 to 47% energy savings, while simultaneously providing better comfort control than conventional air conditioning. In this work, SSLC is defined as using two or more cooling processes with unequal sensible heat ratio (SHR) to control temperature and humidity independently and dynamically. Fundamental efficiency limits of SSLC systems are developed for the first time, demonstrating that the Carnot efficiency for SSLC is higher than that of conventional systems. It is revealed that SSLC has particularly high potential for moderate outdoor temperatures, high sensible building loads, and drier indoor conditions. In addition, this work proposes a classification scheme for SSLC systems, revealing an enormous number of feasible cycle permutations. This provides a framework for the important research task of developing SSLC systems that will save energy, be practical to construct, and be controllable.

KW - Carnot efficiency

KW - Desiccant

KW - Hybrid cooling

KW - SSLC

KW - Sensible heat ratio

KW - Separate sensible latent cooling

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85104930920&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2021.02.019

DO - 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2021.02.019

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85104930920

SN - 0140-7007

VL - 127

SP - 128

EP - 136

JO - International Journal of Refrigeration

JF - International Journal of Refrigeration

ER -

Separate sensible and latent cooling: Carnot limits and system taxonomy

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this